nauka
Basque
Pronunciation
Verb
nauka
- Third-person singular (hark), taking first-person singular (ni) as direct object, present indicative form of eduki (“to have”).
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Old Czech nauka, from Proto-Slavic *nauka. By surface analysis, deverbal from naučit.
Pronunciation
Noun
nauka f
Declension
Further reading
- “nauka”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “nauka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “nauka”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
Old Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nauka. By surface analysis, deverbal from naučiti.
Pronunciation
Noun
nauka f
- (Christianity, law) curse (severe papal punishment of guilty Christians)
Declension
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | nauka | naucě | nauky |
genitive | nauky | naukú | nauk |
dative | naucě | naukama | naukám |
accusative | nauku | naucě | nauky |
vocative | nauko | naucě | nauky |
locative | naucě | naukú | naukách |
instrumental | naukú | naukama | naukami |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants
- Czech: nauka
References
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “nauka”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nauka. By surface analysis, deverbal from nauczyć. First attested in the end of the 14th century.
Pronunciation
Noun
nauka f
- (attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) science (general collection of knowledge, abilities, or views)
- 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter][1], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 18, 2:
- Dzen dnowi wirziga slowo, a nocz nocy vkazuge naukø (indicat scientiam)
- [Dzień dniowi wyrzyga słowo, a noc nocy ukazuje naukę (indicat scientiam)]
- (attested in Lesser Poland) instruction, notification, information, advice; collection of instructions
- 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter][2], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 9, 11:
- Spewaycze gospodnu, iensze przebiwa w Syon, powadaycze medzi ludem naukø iego (studia eius)!
- [Śpiewajcie Gospodnu, jenże przebywa w Syjon, powiadajcie miedzy ludem naukę jego (studia eius)!]
- 1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności[3], [4], [5], volume XXIV, page 363:
- In beneficiis w dobrodzyewstwach, documentis w navkach, exemplis w przykladach
- [In beneficiis w dobrodziewstwach, documentis w naukach, exemplis w przykładach]
- (law, attested in Greater Poland) legal instruction
- 1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 66:
- Proszyemy wasz o navką, mogąly przyszyasznyczy dacz popyszacz zalobą y odpowyedz
- [Prosiemy was o naukę, mogąli przysiężnicy dać popisać żałobę i odpowiedź]
- (attested in Lesser Poland, Southern Borderlands) study (act of learning)
- 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter][6], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 13, 2:
- Zkaszeni sø y szadaiøczi sø se szczinili w naukach swogich (in studiis suis)
- [Skażeni są i żadający są sie sczynili w naukach swojich (in studiis suis)]
- 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 129:
- Then, czo schą na nauką, na vczienye byerze qui catezizatur, id est instruitur (communicet autem is, qui catechizatur verbo ei, qui se catechizat in omnibus bonis Gal 6, 6)
- [Ten, co się na naukę, na uczenie bierze qui catezizatur, id est instruitur (communicet autem is, qui catechizatur verbo ei, qui se catechizat in omnibus bonis Gal 6, 6)]
- 1880-1894 [Middle of the 15th century], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności[7], volume I, Lviv, page 118:
- Loquentes vobismetipsis, gl. id est vosmetipsos instruentes, videlicet ad vestram instruccionem, non tantum aliis, mowącz kv wasey navcze, navczayącz samy szyebye, nye telko gynsze (Eph 5, 19)
- [Loquentes vobismetipsis, gl. id est vosmetipsos instruentes, videlicet ad vestram instruccionem, non tantum aliis, mowiąc ku waszej nauce, nauczając sami siebie, nie telko jinsze (Eph 5, 19)]
Related terms
Descendants
References
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “nauka”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017) “nauka”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “nauka”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “nauka”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “nauka”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish nauka. By surface analysis, deverbal from nauczyć.
Pronunciation
Noun
nauka f (related adjective naukowy)
- (uncountable) science (systematic method of verifying knowledge)
- (countable) science (field of study within such a system) [with o (+ locative) ‘of what’]
- (countable) teachings; dogma (set of views or theories held by some entity)
- (countable) lesson (something learned or to be learned)
- (uncountable) teaching (act of educating)
- Synonym: uczenie
- (uncountable) learning (act of acquiring knowledge)
- (countable, Christianity) sermon
- Synonym: kazanie
- (uncountable, obsolete) education; knowledge
- (obsolete) trick (effective, clever or quick way of doing something)
- Synonym: sztuczka
- (Middle Polish) animal training
- Synonym: tresura
- (Middle Polish) order; persuasion; ad hoc recommendation; tip
- (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1594, J. Januszowski, Ł. Górnickiego, Nowy karakter, page G4:
- Návká twa ſámá mie návccy.
- [Nauka twa sama mię nauczy.]
Declension
Derived terms
Related terms
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), nauka is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 54 times in scientific texts, 43 times in news, 76 times in essays, 7 times in fiction, and 13 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 193 times, making it the 290th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
Further reading
- nauka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- nauka in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “nauka”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “NAUKA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 14.01.2014
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “nauka”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “nauka”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “nauka”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 195
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nauka.
Pronunciation
Noun
nàuka f (Cyrillic spelling на̀ука)
- (chiefly Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro) science
Usage notes
In Croatia, the more commonly used and preferred literary word is znȁnōst.
Declension
Related terms
Silesian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish nauka. By surface analysis, deverbal from nauczyć.
Pronunciation
Noun
nauka f
- science (systematic method of verifying knowledge)
- study (process of learning)
- (Christianity) sermon
- advice
- Synonym: dorada
Declension
Related terms
Further reading
- nauka in silling.org
- Basque terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Basque/au̯ka
- Rhymes:Basque/au̯ka/2 syllables
- Basque non-lemma forms
- Basque verb forms
- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Old Czech
- Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Czech deverbals
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech feminine nouns
- Czech dated terms
- Czech hard feminine nouns
- cs:Education
- cs:Sciences
- Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech deverbals
- Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Czech lemmas
- Old Czech nouns
- Old Czech feminine nouns
- zlw-ocs:Christianity
- zlw-ocs:Law
- Old Czech hard feminine a-stem nouns
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish deverbals
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish nouns
- Old Polish feminine nouns
- Lesser Poland Old Polish
- Greater Poland Old Polish
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- zlw-opl:Law
- Southern Borderlands Old Polish
- zlw-opl:Sciences
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish deverbals
- Polish 3-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/uka
- Rhymes:Polish/uka/3 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish feminine nouns
- Polish uncountable nouns
- Polish countable nouns
- pl:Christianity
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- Middle Polish
- Polish terms with uncertain meaning
- Polish terms with quotations
- pl:Education
- pl:Sciences
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns
- Bosnian Serbo-Croatian
- Serbian Serbo-Croatian
- Montenegrin Serbo-Croatian
- sh:Sciences
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian deverbals
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/uka
- Rhymes:Silesian/uka/3 syllables
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian nouns
- Silesian feminine nouns
- szl:Christianity
- szl:Religion
- szl:Sciences