lenga: difference between revisions

From Mapudungun lenga, via Spanish.

lenga (plural lengas)

1. A deciduous tree native to the southern Andes, taxonomic name Nothofagus pumilio.

• -angle, Angel, Angle, Elgan, Galen, Lange, Legan, Nagle, agnel, angel, angle, genal, glean

Inherited from Malay lenga (“sesame”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *leŋa.

• IPA^(key): /lə.ˈŋa/
• Rhymes: -ŋa
• Hyphenation: lê‧nga

lênga (plural lenga-lenga, first-person possessive lengaku, second-person possessive lengamu, third-person possessive lenganya)

1. sesame, Sesamum indicum

   Synonyms: bijan, sesam, wijen

• “lenga” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

lenga

1. Romanization of ꦊꦔ

lenga

1. to tremble

lenga

1. to shake, to shiver

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *leŋa. Cognate with Tagalog linga, Cebuano lunga, Rade ênga and Tetum lena. Compare also Proto-Tai *r.ŋaːᴬ (“sesame”) (whence Thai งา (ngaa)) and Proto-Mon-Khmer *lŋaaʔ ~ *lŋawʔ (“sesame”) (whence Khmer ល្ង (lngɔɔ)).

• IPA^(key): /ləŋa/, /leŋa/
• Rhymes: -ŋa, -a

lenga (Jawi spelling لڠا or ليڠا, plural lenga-lenga, informal 1st possessive lengaku, 2nd possessive lengamu, 3rd possessive lenganya)

1. sesame, Sesamum indicum

   Synonyms: bijan, ginjili, til

• Indonesian: lenga

• “lenga” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *leŋa.

lenga

1. sesame

• (Provence) lengo, lenguo
• (Gascony) lengua
• (Limousin) linga

From Old Occitan lengua, from Latin lingua, from Old Latin dingua, from Proto-Italic *denɣwā, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.

• IPA^(key): /ˈleŋ.ɡo̞/

• Audio:

  (file)

lenga f (plural lengas)

1. (anatomy) the tongue
2. a language

• lengatge

From Spanish lengua and Portuguese língua and Kabuverdianu lingua, from Latin lingua, from Old Latin dingua, from Proto-Italic *denɣwā, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.

lenga

1. tongue
2. language

From Latin lingua, from Old Latin dingua, from Proto-Italic *denɣwā, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɛŋɡa/

lenga f (plural lenghe)

1. tongue
2. language

From Mapudungun lenga.

lenga f (plural lengas)

1. lenga (tree)
2. lenga beech

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

-lenga (infinitive kulenga)

1. to aim, to aim at
2. to slice

Conjugation of -lenga
Positive present -nalenga Subjunctive -lenge Negative -lengi Imperative singular lenga
Infinitives
Positive kulenga Negative kutolenga
Imperatives
Singular lenga Plural lengeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hulenga Positive past positive subject concord + -lilenga Negative past negative subject concord + -kulenga
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nalenga) Singular Plural 1st person ninalenga/nalenga tunalenga 2nd person unalenga mnalenga 3rd person m-wa(I/II) analenga wanalenga other classes positive subject concord + -nalenga
Negative present (negative subject concord + -lengi) Singular Plural 1st person silengi hatulengi 2nd person hulengi hamlengi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) halengi hawalengi other classes negative subject concord + -lengi
Positive future positive subject concord + -talenga Negative future negative subject concord + -talenga
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -lenge) Singular Plural 1st person nilenge tulenge 2nd person ulenge mlenge 3rd person m-wa(I/II) alenge walenge other classes positive subject concord + -lenge
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -silenge Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngelenga Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singelenga Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalilenga Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalilenga
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -alenga) Singular Plural 1st person nalenga twalenga 2nd person walenga mwalenga 3rd person m-wa(I/II) alenga walenga m-mi(III/IV) walenga yalenga ji-ma(V/VI) lalenga yalenga ki-vi(VII/VIII) chalenga vyalenga n(IX/X) yalenga zalenga u(XI) walenga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwalenga pa(XVI) palenga mu(XVIII) mwalenga
Perfect positive subject concord + -melenga "Already" positive subject concord + -meshalenga "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jalenga "If/When" positive subject concord + -kilenga "If not" positive subject concord + -sipolenga Consecutive kalenga / positive subject concord + -kalenga Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kalenge
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nilenga -tulenga 2nd person -kulenga -walenga/-kulengeni/-walengeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mlenga -walenga m-mi(III/IV) -ulenga -ilenga ji-ma(V/VI) -lilenga -yalenga ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kilenga -vilenga n(IX/X) -ilenga -zilenga u(XI) -ulenga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kulenga pa(XVI) -palenga mu(XVIII) -mulenga Reflexive -jilenga
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -lenga- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -lengaye -lengao m-mi(III/IV) -lengao -lengayo ji-ma(V/VI) -lengalo -lengayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -lengacho -lengavyo n(IX/X) -lengayo -lengazo u(XI) -lengao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -lengako pa(XVI) -lengapo mu(XVIII) -lengamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -lenga) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yelenga -olenga m-mi(III/IV) -olenga -yolenga ji-ma(V/VI) -lolenga -yolenga ki-vi(VII/VIII) -cholenga -vyolenga n(IX/X) -yolenga -zolenga u(XI) -olenga see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kolenga pa(XVI) -polenga mu(XVIII) -molenga
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

• Nominal derivations:
  • lengo (“target, objective”)

From Proto-Bantu *-dénga.

• IPA^(key): [leːᵑɡ̊a̤]

-lenga

1. to hang

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

From Proto-Bantu *-dénga.

IPA^(key): /leːnɡa/

-lenga

1. (intransitive) to dangle, to hang

Tone L
Infinitive	ukulenga
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukulenga	ukungalengi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	lenga	-lenge
Plural	lengani	-lengeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyalenga, ngilenga	engilengayo, engilenga	ngilenga	angilengi	engingalengi	ngingalengi
2nd singular	uyalenga, ulenga	olengayo, olenga	ulenga	awulengi	ongalengi	ungalengi
1st plural	siyalenga, silenga	esilengayo, esilenga	silenga	asilengi	esingalengi	singalengi
2nd plural	niyalenga, nilenga	enilengayo, enilenga	nilenga	anilengi	eningalengi	ningalengi
Class 1	uyalenga, ulenga	olengayo, olenga	elenga	akalengi	ongalengi	engalengi
Class 2	bayalenga, balenga	abalengayo, abalenga	belenga	abalengi	abangalengi	bengalengi
Class 3	uyalenga, ulenga	olengayo, olenga	ulenga	awulengi	ongalengi	ungalengi
Class 4	iyalenga, ilenga	elengayo, elenga	ilenga	ayilengi	engalengi	ingalengi
Class 5	liyalenga, lilenga	elilengayo, elilenga	lilenga	alilengi	elingalengi	lingalengi
Class 6	ayalenga, alenga	alengayo, alenga	elenga	awalengi	angalengi	engalengi
Class 7	siyalenga, silenga	esilengayo, esilenga	silenga	asilengi	esingalengi	singalengi
Class 8	ziyalenga, zilenga	ezilengayo, ezilenga	zilenga	azilengi	ezingalengi	zingalengi
Class 9	iyalenga, ilenga	elengayo, elenga	ilenga	ayilengi	engalengi	ingalengi
Class 10	ziyalenga, zilenga	ezilengayo, ezilenga	zilenga	azilengi	ezingalengi	zingalengi
Class 11	luyalenga, lulenga	olulengayo, olulenga	lulenga	alulengi	olungalengi	lungalengi
Class 14	buyalenga, bulenga	obulengayo, obulenga	bulenga	abulengi	obungalengi	bungalengi
Class 15	kuyalenga, kulenga	okulengayo, okulenga	kulenga	akulengi	okungalengi	kungalengi
Class 17	kuyalenga, kulenga	okulengayo, okulenga	kulenga	akulengi	okungalengi	kungalengi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngilengile, ngilengē	engilengile, engilengē	ngilengile, ngilengē	angilenganga	engingalenganga	ngingalenganga
2nd singular	ulengile, ulengē	olengile, olengē	ulengile, ulengē	awulenganga	ongalenganga	ungalenganga
1st plural	silengile, silengē	esilengile, esilengē	silengile, silengē	asilenganga	esingalenganga	singalenganga
2nd plural	nilengile, nilengē	enilengile, enilengē	nilengile, nilengē	anilenganga	eningalenganga	ningalenganga
Class 1	ulengile, ulengē	olengile, olengē	elengile, elengē	akalenganga	ongalenganga	engalenganga
Class 2	balengile, balengē	abalengile, abalengē	belengile, belengē	abalenganga	abangalenganga	bengalenganga
Class 3	ulengile, ulengē	olengile, olengē	ulengile, ulengē	awulenganga	ongalenganga	ungalenganga
Class 4	ilengile, ilengē	elengile, elengē	ilengile, ilengē	ayilenganga	engalenganga	ingalenganga
Class 5	lilengile, lilengē	elilengile, elilengē	lilengile, lilengē	alilenganga	elingalenganga	lingalenganga
Class 6	alengile, alengē	alengile, alengē	elengile, elengē	awalenganga	angalenganga	engalenganga
Class 7	silengile, silengē	esilengile, esilengē	silengile, silengē	asilenganga	esingalenganga	singalenganga
Class 8	zilengile, zilengē	ezilengile, ezilengē	zilengile, zilengē	azilenganga	ezingalenganga	zingalenganga
Class 9	ilengile, ilengē	elengile, elengē	ilengile, ilengē	ayilenganga	engalenganga	ingalenganga
Class 10	zilengile, zilengē	ezilengile, ezilengē	zilengile, zilengē	azilenganga	ezingalenganga	zingalenganga
Class 11	lulengile, lulengē	olulengile, olulengē	lulengile, lulengē	alulenganga	olungalenganga	lungalenganga
Class 14	bulengile, bulengē	obulengile, obulengē	bulengile, bulengē	abulenganga	obungalenganga	bungalenganga
Class 15	kulengile, kulengē	okulengile, okulengē	kulengile, kulengē	akulenganga	okungalenganga	kungalenganga
Class 17	kulengile, kulengē	okulengile, okulengē	kulengile, kulengē	akulenganga	okungalenganga	kungalenganga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngālenga	engālenga	ngālenga	angilenganga	engingalenganga	ngingalenganga
2nd singular	wālenga	owālenga	wālenga	awulenganga	ongalenganga	ungalenganga
1st plural	sālenga	esālenga	sālenga	asilenganga	esingalenganga	singalenganga
2nd plural	nālenga	enālenga	nālenga	anilenganga	eningalenganga	ningalenganga
Class 1	wālenga	owālenga	ālenga	akalenganga	ongalenganga	engalenganga
Class 2	bālenga	abālenga	bālenga	abalenganga	abangalenganga	bengalenganga
Class 3	wālenga	owālenga	wālenga	awulenganga	ongalenganga	ungalenganga
Class 4	yālenga	eyālenga	yālenga	ayilenganga	engalenganga	ingalenganga
Class 5	lālenga	elālenga	lālenga	alilenganga	elingalenganga	lingalenganga
Class 6	ālenga	ālenga	ālenga	awalenganga	angalenganga	engalenganga
Class 7	sālenga	esālenga	sālenga	asilenganga	esingalenganga	singalenganga
Class 8	zālenga	ezālenga	zālenga	azilenganga	ezingalenganga	zingalenganga
Class 9	yālenga	eyālenga	yālenga	ayilenganga	engalenganga	ingalenganga
Class 10	zālenga	ezālenga	zālenga	azilenganga	ezingalenganga	zingalenganga
Class 11	lwālenga	olwālenga	lwālenga	alulenganga	olungalenganga	lungalenganga
Class 14	bālenga	obālenga	bālenga	abulenganga	obungalenganga	bungalenganga
Class 15	kwālenga	okwālenga	kwālenga	akulenganga	okungalenganga	kungalenganga
Class 17	kwālenga	okwālenga	kwālenga	akulenganga	okungalenganga	kungalenganga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingalenga	—	ngingalenga	ngingelenge	—	ngingelenge
2nd singular	ungalenga	—	ungalenga	ungelenge	—	ungelenge
1st plural	singalenga	—	singalenga	singelenge	—	singelenge
2nd plural	ningalenga	—	ningalenga	ningelenge	—	ningelenge
Class 1	angalenga	—	engalenga	angelenge	—	engelenge
Class 2	bangalenga	—	bengalenga	bangelenge	—	bengelenge
Class 3	ungalenga	—	ungalenga	ungelenge	—	ungelenge
Class 4	ingalenga	—	ingalenga	ingelenge	—	ingelenge
Class 5	lingalenga	—	lingalenga	lingelenge	—	lingelenge
Class 6	angalenga	—	engalenga	angelenge	—	engelenge
Class 7	singalenga	—	singalenga	singelenge	—	singelenge
Class 8	zingalenga	—	zingalenga	zingelenge	—	zingelenge
Class 9	ingalenga	—	ingalenga	ingelenge	—	ingelenge
Class 10	zingalenga	—	zingalenga	zingelenge	—	zingelenge
Class 11	lungalenga	—	lungalenga	lungelenge	—	lungelenge
Class 14	bungalenga	—	bungalenga	bungelenge	—	bungelenge
Class 15	kungalenga	—	kungalenga	kungelenge	—	kungelenge
Class 17	kungalenga	—	kungalenga	kungelenge	—	kungelenge
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizolenga	engizolenga	ngizolenga	angizulenga	engingezulenga	ngingezulenga
2nd singular	uzolenga	ozolenga	uzolenga	awuzulenga	ongezulenga	ungezulenga
1st plural	sizolenga	esizolenga	sizolenga	asizulenga	esingezulenga	singezulenga
2nd plural	nizolenga	enizolenga	nizolenga	anizulenga	eningezulenga	ningezulenga
Class 1	uzolenga	ozolenga	ezolenga	akazulenga	ongezulenga	engezulenga
Class 2	bazolenga	abazolenga	bezolenga	abazulenga	abangezulenga	bengezulenga
Class 3	uzolenga	ozolenga	uzolenga	awuzulenga	ongezulenga	ungezulenga
Class 4	izolenga	ezolenga	izolenga	ayizulenga	engezulenga	ingezulenga
Class 5	lizolenga	elizolenga	lizolenga	alizulenga	elingezulenga	lingezulenga
Class 6	azolenga	azolenga	ezolenga	awazulenga	angezulenga	engezulenga
Class 7	sizolenga	esizolenga	sizolenga	asizulenga	esingezulenga	singezulenga
Class 8	zizolenga	ezizolenga	zizolenga	azizulenga	ezingezulenga	zingezulenga
Class 9	izolenga	ezolenga	izolenga	ayizulenga	engezulenga	ingezulenga
Class 10	zizolenga	ezizolenga	zizolenga	azizulenga	ezingezulenga	zingezulenga
Class 11	luzolenga	oluzolenga	luzolenga	aluzulenga	olungezulenga	lungezulenga
Class 14	buzolenga	obuzolenga	buzolenga	abuzulenga	obungezulenga	bungezulenga
Class 15	kuzolenga	okuzolenga	kuzolenga	akuzulenga	okungezulenga	kungezulenga
Class 17	kuzolenga	okuzolenga	kuzolenga	akuzulenga	okungezulenga	kungezulenga
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyolenga	engiyolenga	ngiyolenga	angiyulenga	engingeyulenga	ngingeyulenga
2nd singular	uyolenga	oyolenga	uyolenga	awuyulenga	ongeyulenga	ungeyulenga
1st plural	siyolenga	esiyolenga	siyolenga	asiyulenga	esingeyulenga	singeyulenga
2nd plural	niyolenga	eniyolenga	niyolenga	aniyulenga	eningeyulenga	ningeyulenga
Class 1	uyolenga	oyolenga	eyolenga	akayulenga	ongeyulenga	engeyulenga
Class 2	bayolenga	abayolenga	beyolenga	abayulenga	abangeyulenga	bengeyulenga
Class 3	uyolenga	oyolenga	uyolenga	awuyulenga	ongeyulenga	ungeyulenga
Class 4	iyolenga	eyolenga	iyolenga	ayiyulenga	engeyulenga	ingeyulenga
Class 5	liyolenga	eliyolenga	liyolenga	aliyulenga	elingeyulenga	lingeyulenga
Class 6	ayolenga	ayolenga	eyolenga	awayulenga	angeyulenga	engeyulenga
Class 7	siyolenga	esiyolenga	siyolenga	asiyulenga	esingeyulenga	singeyulenga
Class 8	ziyolenga	eziyolenga	ziyolenga	aziyulenga	ezingeyulenga	zingeyulenga
Class 9	iyolenga	eyolenga	iyolenga	ayiyulenga	engeyulenga	ingeyulenga
Class 10	ziyolenga	eziyolenga	ziyolenga	aziyulenga	ezingeyulenga	zingeyulenga
Class 11	luyolenga	oluyolenga	luyolenga	aluyulenga	olungeyulenga	lungeyulenga
Class 14	buyolenga	obuyolenga	buyolenga	abuyulenga	obungeyulenga	bungeyulenga
Class 15	kuyolenga	okuyolenga	kuyolenga	akuyulenga	okungeyulenga	kungeyulenga
Class 17	kuyolenga	okuyolenga	kuyolenga	akuyulenga	okungeyulenga	kungeyulenga
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngilenge	ngingalengi
2nd singular	ulenge	ungalengi
1st plural	silenge	singalengi
2nd plural	nilenge	ningalengi
Class 1	alenge	angalengi
Class 2	balenge	bangalengi
Class 3	ulenge	ungalengi
Class 4	ilenge	ingalengi
Class 5	lilenge	lingalengi
Class 6	alenge	angalengi
Class 7	silenge	singalengi
Class 8	zilenge	zingalengi
Class 9	ilenge	ingalengi
Class 10	zilenge	zingalengi
Class 11	lulenge	lungalengi
Class 14	bulenge	bungalengi
Class 15	kulenge	kungalengi
Class 17	kulenge	kungalengi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngalenga	ngangalenga, angalenga, angangalenga
2nd singular	walenga	wangalenga, awalenga, awangalenga
1st plural	salenga	sangalenga, asalenga, asangalenga
2nd plural	nalenga	nangalenga, analenga, anangalenga
Class 1	walenga	wangalenga, akalenga, akangalenga
Class 2	balenga	bangalenga, abalenga, abangalenga
Class 3	walenga	wangalenga, awalenga, awangalenga
Class 4	yalenga	yangalenga, ayalenga, ayangalenga
Class 5	lalenga	langalenga, alalenga, alangalenga
Class 6	alenga	angalenga, awalenga, awangalenga
Class 7	salenga	sangalenga, asalenga, asangalenga
Class 8	zalenga	zangalenga, azalenga, azangalenga
Class 9	yalenga	yangalenga, ayalenga, ayangalenga
Class 10	zalenga	zangalenga, azalenga, azangalenga
Class 11	lwalenga	lwangalenga, alwalenga, alwangalenga
Class 14	balenga	bangalenga, abalenga, abangalenga
Class 15	kwalenga	kwangalenga, akwalenga, akwangalenga
Class 17	kwalenga	kwangalenga, akwalenga, akwangalenga

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “lenga”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “lenga (6.3)”