concurrent

From Middle English concurrent, from Old French concurrent, from Latin concurrēns, present active participle of concurrō (“happen at the same time”), from con- (“with”) + currō (“run”).

• (UK, General Australian, New Zealand) IPA^(key): /kəŋˈkʌɹənt/, /kɒŋˈkʌɹənt/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (US, Canada) IPA^(key): /kəŋˈkɝɹənt/

concurrent (comparative more concurrent, superlative most concurrent)

1. Happening at the same time; simultaneous.
   • 1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “III. Century.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

     concurrent echo

   • 1865, John Tyndall, “On Radiation”, in Fragments of Science for Unscientific People, pages 171–2:

     Such are the changes which science recognizes in the wire itself, as concurrent with the visual changes taking place in the eye.

2. Belonging to the same period; contemporary.
3. Acting in conjunction; agreeing in the same act or opinion; contributing to the same event or effect.
   • 1612, John Davies, Discoverie of the True Causes why Ireland was never entirely subdued:

     I join with these laws the personal presence of the king's son, as a concurrent cause of this reformation.

   • 1738–1741, William Warburton, The Divine Legation of Moses […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II.1, or II.2), London: […] Fletcher Gyles, […], →OCLC:

     the concurrent testimony of antiquity

4. Joint and equal in authority; taking cognizance of similar questions; operating on the same objects.

   the concurrent jurisdiction of courts

5. (geometry) Meeting in one point.
6. Running alongside one another on parallel courses; moving together in space.
7. (computing, of code) Designed to run independently, rather than sequentially, using various mechanisms, such as threads, event loops or time-slicing.

   Antonym: sequential

   • 2000, Douglas Lea, Concurrent Programming in Java, Addison-Wesley, →ISBN, page 19:

     Informally, a concurrent program is one that does more than one thing at a time. […] However, this simultaneity is sometimes an illusion.

   • 2012, Rob Pike, “Concurrency is not Parallelism”, in Waza Conference, San Francisco, page 21:

     Different concurrent designs enable different ways to parallelize.

   • 2012, Michel Raynal, Concurrent Programming, Springer Science & Business, →ISBN, page 4:

     More precisely, a concurrent algorithm (or concurrent program) is the description of a set of sequential state machines that cooperate through a communication medium, e. g., a shared memory.

   • 2018, Steve Klabnik, Carol Nichols, The Rust Programming Language, No Starch Press, →ISBN, page 342:

     Many languages are dogmatic about the solutions they offer for handling concurrent problems. For example, Erlang has elegant functionality for message-passing concurrency but has only obscure ways to share state between threads.

• leading, lagging

concurrent (plural concurrents)

1. One who, or that which, concurs; a joint or contributory cause.
   • 1667, attributed to Richard Allestree, The Causes of the Decay of Christian Piety. […], London: […] R. Norton for T. Garthwait, […], →OCLC:

     To all affairs of importance there are three necessary concurrents […] time, industry, and faculties.

2. One pursuing the same course, or seeking the same objects; hence, a rival; an opponent.
   • 1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “(please specify |book=I to XXXVII)”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], (please specify |tome=1 or 2), London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC:

     Menander […] had no concurrent in his time that came neere vnto him

3. One of the supernumerary days of the year over fifty-two complete weeks; so called because they concur with the solar cycle, the course of which they follow.
4. One who accompanies a sheriff's officer as witness.

Borrowed from Middle French concurrent. The noun derives from French concurrent.

• IPA^(key): /ˌkɔŋ.kyˈrɛnt/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: con‧cur‧rent
• Rhymes: -ɛnt

concurrent m (plural concurrenten, diminutive concurrentje n, feminine concurrente)

1. a competitor, an economic rival
2. (obsolete) a creditor without special priority

• → Indonesian: konkurèn

concurrent (not comparable)

1. (obsolete) concurrent, corresponding [16th–late 18th c.]

French Wikipedia has an article on:

concurrent

Wikipedia ^fr

Inherited from Latin concurrentem, present active participle of concurrō (“happen at the same time”), from con- (“with”) + currō (“run”).

• IPA^(key): /kɔ̃.ky.ʁɑ̃/

• Audio:

  (file)

concurrent (feminine concurrente, masculine plural concurrents, feminine plural concurrentes)

1. concurrent, simultaneous
2. competitive, in competition

concurrent m (plural concurrents, feminine concurrente)

1. competitor (person against whom one is competing)

• concurrence
• concours
• concurrentiel

• “concurrent”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

concurrent

1. third-person plural future active indicative of concurrō