as: difference between revisions

as

1. (metrology) Symbol for attosecond, an SI unit of time equal to 10⁻¹⁸ seconds.
2. (metrology) arcsecond
3. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Assamese.

From Middle English as, als(a), alswa, from Old English eallswā (“just so; as”), thus representing a reduced form of also. Compare German Low German as, German als, Dutch als.

• (stressed form) IPA^(key): /æz/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æz
• (unstressed form) IPA^(key): /əz/

as (not comparable)

1. To such an extent or degree; to the same extent or degree.

   You’re not as tall as I am.

   It's not as well made, but it's twice as expensive.

   • 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter IV, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

     “My Continental prominence is improving,” I commented dryly.
     Von Lindowe cut at a furze bush with his silver-mounted rattan.
     “Quite so,” he said as dryly, his hand at his mustache. “I may say if your intentions were known your life would not be worth a curse.”

   • 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

     She was like a Beardsley Salome, he had said. And indeed she had the narrow eyes and the high cheekbone of that creature, and as nearly the sinuosity as is compatible with human symmetry. His wooing had been brief but incisive.

2. Considered to be, in relation to something else; in the relation (specified).
   • 1865, The Act of Suicide as Distinct from the Crime of Self-Murder: A Sermon:
   • 1937, Tobias Matthay, On Colouring as Distinct from Tone-inflection: A Lecture, London: Oxford University Press:
3. (dated) For example; for instance. (Compare such as.)
   • 1820, John Strype, The Life of the Learned Sir Thomas Smith, page 48:

     Likewise many other indulgences were by virtue hereof granted; as, to have a portatile altar, to receive the Sacrament privately; […]

   • 1913, “Aboriginal”, in Webster's Unabridged Dictionary:

     First; original; indigenous; primitive; native; as, the aboriginal tribes of America.

• as I live and breathe

as

1. In the (same) way or manner that; to the (same) degree that.

   Do as I say!

   I'm under a lot of pressure, as you know.

   As you wish, my lord!

   The kidnappers released him as agreed.

   • 2001, Jason Manning, Mountain Honor, Signet Book, →ISBN:

     "But he's good as dead, and I ain't about to waste a bullet."

   1. Used after so or as to introduce a comparison.

      She's twice as strong as I was two years ago.

      It's not so complicated as I expected.

   2. Used to introduce a result: with the result that it is.
      • 1868, Proceedings and Debates of the [New York] Constitutional Convention Held in 1867 and 1868 in the City of Albany, page 2853:

        [...] that the Board of Regents had fallen into disrepute; that intelligent men inquired what the board was; he said that it was a quiet body, and kept out of the newspapers — and so quiet as to lead many to suppose tho board had ceased to exist.

      • 2006, Eric Manasse, The Twenty-First Man, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 7:

        It was a talent he had developed; he could actually be so quiet as to be practically invisible. In class, he was rarely called upon to answer any questions. In the crowded hallways, he could slip in and out without offending any of the local bullies ...

      • 2011, Herwig C. H. Hofmann, Gerard C. Rowe, Alexander H. Türk, Administrative Law and Policy of the European Union, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 507:

        Under most circumstances, it will be possible to draw a distinction sufficiently clear as to allow an unambiguous allocation to one or other category.

   3. Expressing concession: though.
      • 1843 (first published), Thomas Babington Macaulay, Essays

        We wish, however, to avail ourselves of the interest, transient as it may be, which this work has excited.

      • 2009, Matthew Friedman, Laurie B. Slone, J Friedman, After the War Zone, →ISBN:

        If this happens, be patient and, difficult as it may be, try not to take these reactions personally.

2. At the time that; during the time when:
   1. At the same instant or moment that: when.

      As I came in, she fled.

   2. At the same time that, during the same time when: while.

      He sleeps as the rain falls.

   3. Varying through time in the same proportion that.

      As my fear grew, so did my legs become heavy.

      As she grew older, she grew wiser.

3. Being that, considering that, because, since.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:because

   As it’s too late, I quit.

4. (dated) Introducing a comparison with a hypothetical state (+ subjunctive, or with the verb elided): as though, as if. [to 19th century]
   • 1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):

     I start as from some dreadful dream.

   • 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Acts ij:

     And sodenly there cam a sounde from heven as it had bene the commynge off a myghty wynde […]

   • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

     Oft haue I ſeene the haughty Cardinall,
     More like a Souldier then a man o' th' Church,
     As ſtout and proud as he were Lord of all […]

   • 1990, Andrew Fetler, “The third count”, in Triquarterly, number Spring:

     I feel securely fixed on the careering chair, and with the momentum gained I steer myself as on skis to the guard and come to a stop with a happy little flourish.

   • 1992/1993 Winter, Katherine Weissman, “The Divorce Gang”, in Ploughshares, volume 18, number 4, page 202:

     They think they are romantic, tragic figures, exiled as on Elba. They picture themselves as enlightened barons bringing civilization, opportunity, and kindness to the brown-skinned.

   • 2011 January 30, Kyle Wagner, “E-readers lighten a traveler's load But choosing the right unit means weighing features, cost, ease of use”, in Denver Post, page Travel 1:

     Newspapers and magazines would load their graphics, and you could doodle as on the Sony Reader Daily Edition.

5. (law) used before a preposition to clarify that the prepositional phrase restricts the meaning of the sentence; specifically.

   The case is dismissed as between Jones and Smith.

   (makes explicit that the case is continued between other parties to the litigation)

   The case is dismissed as against Smith.

   (makes explicit that it is continued against some other defendant)

6. Functioning as a relative conjunction, and sometimes like a relative pronoun: that, which, who. (See usage notes.) [from 14th c.]

   He had the same problem as she did getting the lock open.

   • c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     Now will he sit under a medlar tree,
     And wish his mistress were that kind of fruit,
     As maids call medlars, when they laugh alone.

   • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 5, member 1, subsection v:

     the temper is to be altered and amended, with such things as fortify and strengthen the heart and brain […]

   • 1854, Charles Dickens, “Book I, Chapter II”, in Hard Times. For These Times, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], →OCLC:

     ‘Sissy is not a name,’ said Mr. Gradgrind. ‘Don’t call yourself Sissy. Call yourself Cecilia.’
     ‘It’s father as calls me Sissy, sir,’ returned the young girl in a trembling voice, and with another curtsey.

   • 2016, Alan Moore, Jerusalem, Liveright, published 2016, page 99:

     “If I had, if I could hold me head up with the better folk, perhaps I'd think again, but I don't reckon as that's very likely now.”

7. (rare, now England, Midland US and Southern US, possibly obsolete) Than.
   • 1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):

     The king was not more forward to bestow favours on them as they free to deal affronts to others their superiors.

   • 1660, James Howell, Parly of Beasts, page 48:

     Darkness itself is no more opposite to light as their actions were diametricall to their words.

• Use of as as a relative conjunction meaning "that" dates to late Middle English and was formerly common in standard English, but is now only standard in constructions like "the same issue as she had" or "the identical issue as the appellant raised before"; otherwise, it is informal,^[1] found in the dialects of the Midland, Southern, Midwestern and Western US; and of Lancashire, Cheshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Derbyshire, Lincolnshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Warwickshire, Northamptonshire, Huntingdonshire, East Anglia, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Bedfordshire, Essex, Somerset, Dorset, Wiltshire, Surrey, and Cornwall; sometimes in Durham, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Somerset; only rarely in Northumberland and Scotland; and only in certain set phrases in Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire and Devon.^[2]

• -'s (contracted form)

• (expressing concession): albeit, although; see also Thesaurus:even though
• (at the same time that): while, whilst; see also Thesaurus:while
• (being that): given that, seeing that; see also Thesaurus:because

as

1. Introducing a basis of comparison, with an object in the objective case.

   You are not as tall as my sister.

   They are big as houses.

   • 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0016:

     A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; as, again, the arm-chair in which Bunting now sat forward, staring into the dull, small fire.

   • 1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

     She was like a Beardsley Salome, he had said. And indeed she had the narrow eyes and the high cheekbone of that creature, and as nearly the sinuosity as is compatible with human symmetry.

2. In the role of.

   What is your opinion as a parent?

   He was never seen as the boss, but rather as a friend.

   • 2000, Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast, St. James encyclopedia of popular culture, volume 2, page 223:

     Directed by Howard Hawks, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes starred Marilyn Monroe as Lorelei and Jane Russell as Dorothy.

   • 2013 July-August, Catherine Clabby, “Focus on Everything”, in American Scientist:

     Not long ago, it was difficult to produce photographs of tiny creatures with every part in focus. […] A photo processing technique called focus stacking has changed that. Developed as a tool to electronically combine the sharpest bits of multiple digital images, focus stacking is a boon to biologists seeking full focus on a micron scale.

3. by way of

   I bought you a new toy as a special treat.

In traditional standard English as (like than) is a conjunction, not a preposition. The use of pronominal case forms (subject vs. object) therefore depends on the syntactical context. Compare:

• She loves you just as much as I [do].
• She loves you just as much as [she loves] me.

In modern everyday English, this difference may be lost and the use of bare subject forms (I, he, she, we, they) after as may seem pedantic. Only the object forms are used on their own.

• You are not as tall as I. (formal/dated short form)
• You are not as tall as me. (informal short form)
• You are not as tall as I am. (full form)

• as-built

Borrowed from Latin as. Doublet of ace.

• IPA^(key): /ˈæs/
• Homophone: ass

as (plural ases or asses)

1. (unit of weight) A libra.
2. (numismatics) Any of several coins of Rome, coined in bronze or later copper; or the equivalent value.

   Synonyms: assarion, assarius

• As (Roman coin) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

From a +‎ -s.

as

1. (rare) Alternative form of a's.

Shortening of as hell or as fuck or similar.

• IPA^(key): /ˈæz/

as

1. (New Zealand, slang) Used to intensify an adjective; very much; extremely

   sweet as

   • 2021 May 17, “Language Matters: Sweet as is Kiwi as”, in Stuff‎^[2]:

     It also appears in other positions in the sentence: his big as car could hardly fit.
     It's pretty scratched, and dented as.

as

1. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of associate and related forms of that word (associated, associating, association, etc.)

• “as”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• “as”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

• S&A, S. A., S.A., SA, Sa, s.a.

• IPA^(key): /(ʔ)ʌs/

as

1. water

• Bruce E. Nevin, Aspects of Pit River phonology (1998) (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Linguistics)

• IPA^(key): /as/

From Dutch as, from Proto-Germanic *askǭ.

as (plural asse, diminutive assie)

1. ash
2. ashes

From Dutch as, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.

as (plural asse, diminutive assie)

1. axle
2. axis

From Dutch als.

as

1. if
2. when

as

1. like

From Proto-Indo-European *(ne) h₂óyu kʷíd (“(not) ever, (not) on your life”).^[1] compare Ancient Greek οὐ (ou) and Armenian ոչ (očʻ) -ës

as

1. not, neither, nor

• nuk

From Latin illās.

as pl

1. the

   As mesachas de Zaragoza ― The girls from Saragossa

The form las, either pronounced as las or as ras, can be found after words ending with -a.

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈas]
• Rhymes: -as

From Latin as (“basic Roman unit of money”).

as m (plural asos)

1. (games) an ace (the side of a die with a single pip)
2. (card games) an ace (a card with a single pip, usually of highest rank in a suit)
3. (figuratively, sports) an ace (an expert)
4. (historical, metrology) an as or a libra (Roman unit of weight)
5. (historical, numismatics) an as (Roman unit of money)

• as de guia (“bowline knot”)
• sempre un sis o un as (“a handicap or a problem”)

From Old Norse áss, singular of æsir (“the Norse gods”).

as m (plural asos)

1. (mythology) One of the Æsir

as

1. (dialectal) Contraction of the preposition a with the salty article es

• al (“contraction of a and el”)

as

1. plural of a

Compare German als, English as. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

as

1. (Sette Comuni) if

   As ze alle khödent azò misses zèinan baar.

   If everyone says it it must be true.

• “as” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Borrowed from Icelandic ás.

as c (singular definite asen, plural indefinite aser)

1. one of the Æsir

as n (singular definite asset, plural indefinite asser)

1. A-flat (A♭)

as

1. imperative of ase

• IPA^(key): /ɑs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: as
• Rhymes: -ɑs
• Homophone: Asch

From Middle Dutch asche, from Old Dutch *aska, from Proto-West Germanic *askā, from Proto-Germanic *askǭ.

Cognate with Low German Asch, German Asche, English ash, West Frisian jiske, Danish aske, Swedish aska.

as f (plural assen, diminutive asje n)

2. ash
3. ashes

• asch (obsolete)
• asse

• Afrikaans: as
• Berbice Creole Dutch: asi
• Negerhollands: haschěsis, hassesje, assche, ašiši, hašiši, haši, babaši, aschies, assisje, az

From Middle Dutch asse, from Old Dutch *assa, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.

as f (plural assen, diminutive asje n)

2. axis
3. axle

• cardanas
• draaias
• hoofdas
• krukas
• symmetrieas
• trapas
• windas

• Afrikaans: as
• Negerhollands: az
• → Indonesian: as
• → Papiamentu: as (dated)

as

1. (The Hague dialect) Alternative spelling of als

as

1. (The Hague dialect) Alternative spelling of als
2. (The Hague dialect) eive ... as: as ... as

From Old Galician-Portuguese as, from Latin illās.

as f pl (singular a, masculine u or o, masculine plural us or os)

1. Feminine plural definite article; the
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 2: Númerus?:

     As lenguas, idiomas, dialectus o falas tenin un-as funciós mui claras desde o principiu dos siglu i si hai contabilizaus en o mundu un-as 8.000 lenguas, ca un-a con sua importancia numérica relativa, a nossa fala é un tesoiru mais entre elas.

     The tongues, languages or regional variants have some very clear functions since the beginning of the centuries and some 8,000 languages have been accounted for in the world, each with its relative numerical importance, our Fala is another treasure among them.

as

1. Third person plural feminine accusative pronoun; them

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[3], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

From German As (German key notation).

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑs/, [ˈɑ̝s̠]
• Rhymes: -ɑs
• Hyphenation^(key): as

as

1. (music) A-flat

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

• sa

From Latin as.

• IPA^(key): /as/ ~ /ɑs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -as

as m (plural as)

1. ace (card of value 1)
2. ace (expert or pilot)
3. as (Roman coin)

• as des as
• plein aux as

• → German: As, Ass
  • → Hungarian: ász
• → Turkish: as
• → Vietnamese: át

Playing cards in French · cartes à jouer (layout · text)
as	deux	trois	quatre	cinq	six	sept
huit	neuf	dix	valet	dame	roi	joker

Inherited from Old French as, from Vulgar Latin *as, from Latin habēs.

• IPA^(key): /a/
• Homophones: à, a
• Rhymes: -a

as

1. second-person singular present indicative of avoir

   Tu as un chien.

   You have a dog.

• “as”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

• sa

From Latin axis.

as m

1. axis
2. board

From Old Galician-Portuguese as, from Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille (“that”).

• IPA^(key): /ɐs/

as f pl (feminine singular a, masculine singular o, masculine plural os)

1. (definite) the

The definite article o (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con as ("with the") contracts to coas, and en as ("in the") contracts to nas.

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

as

1. accusative of elas

Galician articles
	Singular		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Definite articles (the)	o	a	os	as
Indefinite articles (a, an; some)	un	unha	uns	unhas

• “o”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “as”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “as”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

• IPA^(key): /aːs/
• Rhymes: -aːs

as n (genitive singular ass, nominative plural ös)

1. (music) A flat

• IPA^(key): [ˈas]
• Hyphenation: as

From Dutch as (“axis, axle”), from Middle Dutch asse, from Old Dutch *assa, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.

• The sense of propeller shaft is a semantic loan from Javanese [Term?].

as (first-person possessive asku, second-person possessive asmu, third-person possessive asnya)

1. axis

   Synonyms: aksis, poros, sumbu

2. axle
   1. the pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel

      Synonyms: poros, sumbu

   2. axletree: a transverse bar or shaft connecting the opposite wheels of a car or carriage.

      Synonyms: poros, sumbu

3. (dialect) propeller shaft in fishing boat.

From Dutch aas (“ace”), earlier ase, from Middle Dutch aes, from Old French as, from Latin as.

• Semantic loan from English ace for meaning other than card with a single spot.

as (first-person possessive asku, second-person possessive asmu, third-person possessive asnya)

1. ace:
   1. card with a single spot.
   2. (tennis) point scored without the opponent hitting the ball.
   3. (golf) a hole in one.

• “as” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Spatial inflection of as

→○	illative	asse
○	inessive	as
○→	elative	ast

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈɑsːɑ/, [ˈɑs̠ː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈɑs/, [ˈɑʒ̥]
• (Hevaha) IPA^(key): /ˈɑs/, [ˈɑʒ̥]
• Rhymes: -ɑsː, -ɑs
• Hyphenation: as

as (+ illative or allative)

1. (of time) up to, until
2. (of distance or motion) all the way to

as (+ elative or ablative)

1. (of time) ever since
2. (of distance or motion) all the way from

• saa, nasse, nas, nast, asse, ast

• Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 22

From Old Irish ass (“out of it”), the third-person singular inflected form of a (“out of”) (compare Scottish Gaelic à),^[1] ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (compare Latin ex).

• IPA^(key): /asˠ/^[2]
• (Munster) IPA^(key): /ɑsˠ/^[3]
• (Aran) IPA^(key): /æsˠ/^[4] (as if spelled eas)

as (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

1. out of

   Tóg leabhar aníos as an mála.

   Take a book out of the bag.

   Tá Cathal ag déanamh bríste as an éadach.

   Cathal is making trousers out of the cloth.

   Bíonn Máire á dhéanamh as fearg.

   Máire does it out of anger

2. from (a place)

   Beidh Pádraig ag teacht as Meiriceá amárach.

   Pádraig will be coming from America tomorrow.

   Is as an nGearmáin í.

   She is from Germany.

   Bhí torann as an seomra leapa.

   There was a noise from the bedroom.

   Bhí cor as na toim.

   There was a movement from the bushes.

3. off

   Tá boladh as an madra sin.

   That dog smells (lit. There is a smell off that dog).

• as a chéile
• as amharc
• as cuma
• as marc

See also Category:Irish phrasal verbs formed with "as"

From Old Irish ass.

• IPA^(key): /asˠ/
• (Munster) IPA^(key): /ɑsˠ/
• (Aran) IPA^(key): /æsˠ/ (as if spelled eas)

as (emphatic as-san)

1. third-person masculine singular of as (from, off, out of)

   Ní fhuair tú freagra as.

   You didn’t get an answer from him.

• as féin (“alone”)

as

1. off (in or into a state of non-operation or non-existence: of a machine, light, etc.)

   Cas as an raidió.

   Turn off the radio.

   Chuir mé an solas as.

   I switched the light off.

2. out (in or into a state of non-operation or non-existence: of a fire, etc.)

   Tá an tine as.

   The fire is out.

• cas as (“turn off”)
• cuir as (“switch off”)

From Old Irish as (“shoe, slipper”).^[5]

as m (genitive singular asa, nominative plural asa)

1. (literary) shoe

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

as m (genitive singular asa)

1. (literary) milk

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
as	n-as	has	t-as
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “as”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “as (‘milk’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• “as”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

• IPA^(key): [ˈas]
• Hyphenation: as

as

1. Archaic form of es.

• Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 35

• assis
• 𐆚 (symbol)

Probably borrowed from Etruscan: compare lībra and nummus, also loanwords. Original meaning was 'a rectangular bronze plaque weighing a pound'.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /as/, [äs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /as/, [äs]
• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈas.s/, [ˈäs̠ː] (before a vowel)
• Note: the word is singularly and unreliably attested in poetry,^[1] but together with its derivatives usually measures long. It's more likely that it retained the geminate consonant before a vowel than that the vowel itself was lengthened. Most recent dictionaries give it as short, but EDL and certain other etymologists^[2] as long; compare far.

as m (genitive assis); third declension

1. as; a Roman coin originally made of bronze and weighing one pound, but later made of copper and reduced to two ounces, one ounce, and eventually half an ounce.
   1. a penny, a copper (any coin of similarly low value)
2. pound as a unit of weight
3. any undivided unit of measurement
   1. (with ex) a whole estate
4. a circular flap or valve
5. any circular object; a slice, disk (also of the moon)

It is especially significant as being the coin of least value in the Classical age; as such it was often used in poetry as representative of the idea of worthlessness—one example being in Vivamus atque amemus, where Catullus mentions "valuing opinions of old men at a single as". Two and a half asses equalled a single sesterce.

• The genitive plural is normally assium, but assum is found in Varro.

Third-declension noun (i-stem).

• sēmis
• bes, des
• tressis
• nōnussis
• decussis

• Catalan: as
• Old French: as
  • Middle French: as
    • French: as (see there for further descendants)
  • → Middle Dutch: aes
    • Dutch: aas
      • Afrikaans: aas
  • → Middle English: as
    • English: ace (see there for further descendants)
    • Scots: ace
• Italian: asso, asse
• Portuguese: ás, asse
• Sicilian: asu
• Spanish: as
• → English: as
• → Polish: as

• “as” on page 196 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
• “as” in volume 2, column 744, in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ās”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

• as in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• as in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• as in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• as in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• as in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• as in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

From Old Irish ocus (“and", originally "proximity”), from Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”).

as

1. and

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ocus”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Reduction of alswo, alswa, also, from Old English eallswā. The reduced form is more common in this sense from c. 1200.

• ase, os

• IPA^(key): /as/

as

1. as

• English: as
• Scots: as
• Yola: az, as

• “as, conj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

From Old French as (“ace”), from Latin as, assis (“as (Roman coin)”).

• IPA^(key): /aːs/

as

1. (dice games) ace (single spot on a die)
2. (dice games) The lowest possible throw in dice.
3. (figuratively, by extension) bad luck

• English: ace (see there for further descendants)
• Scots: ace

• “ās, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

as

1. to sit

• http://webdoc.ubn.ru.nl/mono/h/haude_k/gramofmo.pdf
• https://web.archive.org/web/20170516185108/http://www.ioling.org/booklets/iol-2007-indiv-prob.en.pdf

• is

as

1. oh: expressing surprise

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

as m (plural as)

1. (Jersey, card games) ace

as

1. (Guernsey) second-person singular present indicative of aver

as

1. third-person singular present of wees

From asa (“to swell”) and asa (“to struggle”).

as n (definite singular aset, indefinite plural as, definite plural asa)

1. fermentation
2. unrest, noice

as

1. imperative of asa

• “as” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

• IPA^(key): /as/

• Audio:

  (file)

as

1. second-person singular present indicative of aver

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

as oblique singular, m (oblique plural as, nominative singular as, nominative plural as)

1. a score of one on a die

• Middle French: as
  • French: as (see there for further descendants)
• → Middle Dutch: aes
  • Dutch: aas
    • Afrikaans: aas
• → Middle English: as
  • English: ace (see there for further descendants)
  • Scots: ace

as

1. Alternative form of als ("to the")

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

as

1. second-person singular present indicative of avoir

• ass (Etymologies 2 and 3)
• es (Etymology 2)

as (triggers lenition in a direct relative clause and eclipsis in an indirect relative clause)

1. third-person singular present indicative relative of is

Like modern Irish is, this form can be used with the comparative degree of an adjective to form a predicative construction where English would use an attributive construction:

• c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 10^c21

  Ba torad sa⟨í⟩thir dúun in chrud so ce du·melmis cech túari et ce du·gnemmis a ndu·gníat ar céli, act ní bad nertad na mbráithre et frescsiu fochricce as móo.

  It would be a fruit of labor for us in this way if we consumed every food and if we did what our fellows do, but it would not be a strengthening of the brothers and a hope of a greater reward.

  (literally, “…of a reward that is greater”)

as

1. third-person singular masculine of a (“out of”)

as n (genitive ais)

1. milk
   • c. 775, “Táin Bó Fraích”, in Book of Leinster; republished as Ernst Windisch, editor, Táin bó Fraích, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1974, line 164:

     dí laulgaich deec ó mmeltar ól n-aiss ó cech áe

     twelve milk-cows, so that drinks of milk are milked from each of them

Neuter o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	asN	asN	asL, asa
Vocative	asN	asN	asL, asa
Accusative	asN	asN	asL, asa
Genitive	aisL	as	asN
Dative	asL	asaib	asaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
as (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-as
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 as”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

• es

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-. Cognate with Lithuanian aš, Latvian es, Bulgarian аз (az).

as

1. I, the first-person singular pronoun

Brackets contain all attested alternative spellings/forms of the words.

	Sg.	Pl.
Nom.	as (es)	mes
Acc.	mien	mans
Dat.	mennei, maim (māim)	noūmans (nūmans, nūmas, naūmans, numons, noūmas)
Gen.	maisei	noūson (nusun, nuson, nusen, naussen, nōson, noūsan, noūsen, nouson)

• Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “as”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎^[5] (in Lithuanian), Vilnius
• Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

• G. H. F. Nesselmann (1873) “as”, in Thesaurus linguae prussicae. Der preussische Vocabelvorrath [...] (in German), Berlin: Ferd. Dümmlers Verlagsbuchhandlung; Harrwitz & Gossmann, page 9
• W. R. Schmalstieg (1971) “New Look at the Old Prussian Pronoun”, in Baltistica VII(2), Vilnius: Vilniau Universitetas

From Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”).

ās m (declension unknown)

1. god
2. the runic character ᚨ (/a/ or /aː/)

Compare German als, Dutch als, English as.

as

1. as

   As ich des Poscht schreib...

   As I write this post...

2. than
3. but

as

1. (relative) which
2. (relative) who

   Leit as nix zu duh hen

   People who have nothing to do

Borrowed from French as.

Template:pl-p

as m animal (diminutive asik)

1. (card games) ace

   Synonym: (archaic) tuz

2. (tennis) ace (a serve won without the opponent hitting the ball)

as m pers

1. ace (someone skilled in a certain field)

Playing cards in Polish · karty do gry (layout · text)
as	dwójka	trójka	czwórka	piątka	szóstka	siódemka
ósemka	dziewiątka	dziesiątka	walet	dama	król	dżoker

• as in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• as in Polish dictionaries at PWN

From Old Galician-Portuguese as, from Latin illās (with an initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish las).

• Homophones: ás (Brazil), às (Brazil), hás (Brazil), az (Brazil)
• Hyphenation: as

as f pl

2. feminine plural of o
   • 2001, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Cálice de Fogo [Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire] (Harry Potter; 4), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 99:

     Todos olharam para trás ao alcançarem as árvores.

     Everyone looked behind when they reached the trees.

   • 2007, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte [Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 211:

     Mandaram lacrar todas as saídas e não deixar ninguém...

     They ordered me to seal all the exits and not to let anyone...

For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

Portuguese articles (edit)
	Singular		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Definite articles (the)	o	a	os	as
Indefinite articles (a, an; some)	um	uma	uns	umas

as f pl

2. (third person personal) them (as a direct object; the corresponding indirect object is lhes; the form used after prepositions is elas)

   Synonyms: las, nas

   Encontrei-as na rua. ― I met them in the street.

• as becomes -las after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos and vos, and the adverb eis; the ending letter causing the change disappears.

  After ver: Posso vê-las? ― May I see them?

  After pôr: Quero pô-las ali. ― I want to put them there.

  After fiz: Fi-las ficar contente. ― I made them become happy.

  After nos: Deu-no-las relutantemente. ― He gave them to us reluctantly.

  After eis: Ei-las! ― Behold them!

• Becomes -nas after a nasal diphthong: -ão, -am [ɐ̃w̃], -õe [õj̃], -em, -êm [ẽj̃].

  Detêm-nas como prisioneiros. ― They detain them as prisoners.

• In Brazil it is being abandoned in favor of the nominative form elas.

  Eu as vi. → Eu vi elas. = "I saw them.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:as.

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number	Person	Nominative (subject)		Accusative (direct object)		Dative (indirect object)	Prepositional		Prepositional with com		Non-declining
		m	f	m	f	m and f	m	f	m	f	m	f
Singular	First	eu		me			mim		comigo
	Second	tu		te			ti		contigo		você
											o senhor	a senhora
	Third	ele	ela	o (lo, no)	a (la, na)	lhe	ele	ela	com ele	com ela	o mesmo	a mesma
				se			si		consigo
Plural	First	nós		nos			nós		connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil)		a gente
	Second	vós		vos			vós		convosco, com vós		vocês
											os senhores	as senhoras
	Third	eles	elas	os (los, nos)	as (las, nas)	lhes	eles	elas	com eles	com elas	os mesmos	as mesmas
				se			si		consigo
Indefinite				se			si		consigo

as m

1. plural of a

From Latin asse(m) (“a penny”), accusative of Latin as (“a penny”).

• (Central Romagnol): IPA^(key): [ˈaɐ̯s]

• (Ville Unite):

as m (plural ës)

1. ace
2. champion

   L’è un as!

   He's a champion!

as m (plural ës)

1. axis

   L’as dla tëra.

   The axis of the Earth.

as

1. same use as a+s, and it's the reflexive pronoun of 1^st singular and plural persons and of 2^nd person

   As fașén la ca.

   We build the house (to us).

• Masotti, Adelmo (1996) Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, page 40

From French as or Italian asso.

as m (plural ași)

1. ace

From Old Frisian as, ase, asa, als, alse, alsa, equivalent to al +‎ so. More at as.

as

1. as

as

1. as

as

1. Creates the superlative when preceding the comparative form of an adjective or an adverb.

   glic (“wise”) → as glice (“wisest”)

   mòr (“big”) → as motha (“biggest”)

• Only used in the present and future tenses. In the past tense and the conditional mood, a bu and a b' are used.
• Lenites initial f if followed by a vowel:

  fuar → as fhuaire

• nas

From Proto-Semai *ʔɑs, from Proto-Aslian [Term?], from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ʔas ~ *ʔəs (“to swell”). Cognate with Koho as, Khasi at, Pacoh ayh, Riang ʔas¹.

as^[1]

1. swollen

Borrowed from German As, from Latin as (“as, copper coin”).

• IPA^(key): /âs/

ȁs m (Cyrillic spelling а̏с)

1. (card games, sports) ace

Playing cards in Serbo-Croatian · igraće karte (layout · text)
as, kec	dvojka, dvica	trojka, trica	četvorka, četvrtica	petica	šestica	sedmica
osmica	devetka, devetica	desetka, desetica	dečko, pub, žandar, fant	kraljica, dama	kralj	džoker

as

1. (poetic) approximately

   Synonym: asi

• “as”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024

• IPA^(key): /áːs/

ȃs m anim

1. (card games) An ace; in a game of cards.
2. An ace; somebody very proficient at an activity.

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	ás
gen. sing.	ása
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	ás	ása	ási
genitive (rodȋlnik)	ása	ásov	ásov
dative (dajȃlnik)	ásu	ásoma	ásom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	ása	ása	áse
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	ásu	ásih	ásih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	ásom	ásoma	ási

Playing cards in Slovene · igralne karte (layout · text)
as, enka	dvojka	trojka	štirka, štirica	petka, petica	šestka, šestica	sedemka, sedmica
osmica	devetka, devetica	desetka, desetica	fant	kraljica, dama	kralj	joker

Borrowed from Latin ās.

• IPA^(key): /ˈas/ [ˈas]
• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: as
• Homophones: has, (Latin America) haz

as m (plural ases)

1. (card games) an ace (in a game of cards)
2. an ace, a hotshot (somebody very proficient at an activity)
3. an as#Noun (a Roman coin)

• “as”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵ(h₂). Compare Lithuanian àš (archaic eš), Latvian es, Old Prussian as, es.^[1][2]

aſ

1. (first-person singular) I
   • “Pagan dialects from Narew” line 1, (copied by V. Zinov, 1983):

     ja — aſ

     ja — I

   • “Pagan dialects from Narew” line 144, (copied by V. Zinov, 1983):

     ja estem — aſ irm

     ja estem — I am

• IPA^(key): /ɑːs/
• Rhymes: -ɑːs

From Middle Low German âs. Cf. German Aas, Dutch aas.

as n

1. Carrion, carcass (of an animal killed by a predator).
2. (colloquial, derogatory) an asshole (inconsiderate or otherwise contemptible person)

   Dra åt helvete ditt jävla as!

   Fuck you, you fucking asshole!

• asätare

• kadaver
• lik

Borrowed from Icelandic ás. If inherited from Old Norse, it would have the form ås.

as c

1. one of the gods from Old Norse religion, in particular one of the Æsir

   Synonym: asagud

• as-

• as in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• as in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• as in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

• sa

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

as (Tifinagh spelling ⴰⵙ)

1. (intransitive) to come
2. (transitive) to receive, to be awarded
3. (intransitive, construed with ak) to suit, to fit

   Fas wer d kiwem ttis

   Fes doesn't suit you.

The verb as is always used with the proximity particle d.

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

• Verbal noun: twasit (“coming, arrival”)
• yusin (“upcoming”)

From English arse.

as

1. buttocks, backside
2. bottom, base
3. reason, meaning, motivation
4. beginning, source

From Ottoman Turkish آس (as), from Proto-Turkic *argun, *āŕ.

as (definite accusative ası, plural aslar)

1. ermine

   Synonyms: kakım, ermin

2. (dialectal) weasel

Borrowed from French as. Note that in Ottoman Turkish until its end – though it be that playing cards had been introduced in Turkey by Europeans and French in particular – the card was called بك (bey). Apparently this usage switch is a function of the Law on the Abolishment of Nicknames and Titles from the 26th of November 1934 (Lâkap ve Unvanların Kaldırılması Hakkındaki Kanun).

as (definite accusative ası, plural aslar)

1. (card games) ace

Playing cards in Turkish · iskambil (layout · text)
as, birli	ikili	üçlü	dörtlü	beşli	altılı	yedili
sekizli	dokuzlu	onlu	bacak, oğlan, vale, fanti, joker	kız	papaz	joker

as

1. second-person singular imperative of asmak

as (ays, äs)

1. as

as

1. woman

• J. Spencer, S. van Cott, B. MacKenzie, G. Muñoz, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Wagi [fad] Language

• S.A., SA, s.a., sa., Sa., Sa, S&A, S. A.

From English ace.

• (cy-) IPA^(key): /ˈaːs/

as f (plural asau)

1. (card games) ace

Playing cards in Welsh · cardiau chwarae (layout · text)
as	dau	tri	pedwar	pump	chwech	saith
wyth	naw	deg	jac / milwr	brenhines	brenin	jocer

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “as”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

From Old Frisian as, ase, asa, als, alse, alsa, equivalent to al +‎ so. More at as.

• IPA^(key): /ɔs/, /as/

as

1. if, provided that
2. as, like (used to form an equating phrase)

   Grut as in hûs. ― Big as a house.

3. than

   Grutter as in hûs. ― Bigger than a house.

• “as (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

From Old Frisian *ax, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.

• IPA^(key): /ɔs/

as c (plural assen, diminutive aske)

1. axis
2. axle (of a car)

• “as (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

as

1. a small (singular diminutive indefinite article)

Precedes the noun.

as

1. Alternative form of waas
   • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:

     Ich as greatly blin.

     I was greatly mistaken.

as

1. Alternative form of az
   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:

     Shoo ya aam zim to doone, as w' be doone nowe;

     She gave them some to do, as we are doing now;

   • 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:

     As ich waant draugh Bloomere's Knough,

     As I went through Bloomer's Knock,

   • 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:

     Which maate mee hearth as coale as leed.

     Which made my heart as cold as lead.

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 26 & 90