軸

See also: 轴

軸	U+8EF8, 軸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8EF8

← 軷
[U+8EF7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

軹 →
[U+8EF9]

Translingual

Han character

軸 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十十中田 (JJLW), four-corner 5506₀, composition ⿰車由)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1242, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38269
Dae Jaweon: page 1718, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3520, character 12
Unihan data for U+8EF8

Chinese

trad.		軸
simp.		轴

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (由) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
袖	*ljɯwɢs
岫	*ljɯwɢs
牰	ljɯwɢs, lɯwɢs
抽	*l̥ʰɯw
妯	l̥ʰɯw, l'ɯwɢ
紬	*l'ɯw
怞	*l'ɯw
鮋	l'ɯw, ɦljɯw, *lɯw
菗	*rlɯw
宙	*l'ɯwɢs
胄	*l'ɯwɢs
冑	*l'ɯwɢs
伷	*l'ɯwɢs
駎	*l'ɯwɢs
油	lɯw, lɯwɢs
由	*lɯw
蚰	*lɯw
秞	*lɯw
邮	*lɯw
釉	*lɯwɢs
柚	lɯwɢs, l'ɯwɢ
鼬	*lɯwɢs
苖	l'ɯːwɢ, l̥ʰɯwɢ
笛	*l'ɯːwɢ
迪	*l'ɯːwɢ
頔	*l'ɯːwɢ
軸	*l'ɯwɢ
舳	*l'ɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯwɢ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 車 (“cart, carriage”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw, “to pass through”) — the axle that passes through a cartwheel.

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhóu, zhú (zhou², zhu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄡˊ, ㄓㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): te̍k / tia̍k / tio̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): dêg⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸jioq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhóu
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhóu
  - Wade–Giles: chou²
  - Yale: jóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jour
  - Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhú
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhú
  - Wade–Giles: chu²
  - Yale: jú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwu
  - Palladius: чжу (čžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zuk⁶
  - Yale: juhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: te̍k
  - Tâi-lô: ti̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dek
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diok
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔk̚⁴/

Note:

Xiamen, Quanzhou:
- te̍k - vernacular (“large, oblong banner of silk”);
- tia̍k - vernacular;
- tio̍k - literary (“large, oblong banner of silk (Zhangzhou)”).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: dêg⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: te̍k
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tek̚⁴/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸jioq
  - MiniDict: jioh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵jjioq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑioʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: drjuwk

Rime
Character	軸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直六切
Baxter	drjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖuwk̚/
Li Rong	/ȡiuk̚/
Wang Li	/ȡĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zuk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lruk/

(Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	軸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhóu
Middle Chinese	‹ drjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*lruk/
English	wheel-axle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	軸
Reading #	1/1
No.	15541
Phonetic component	由
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	逐
Old Chinese	/*l'ɯwɢ/

Definitions

軸

axle; axletree
pivot
axis
spool; roller
(Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew) large, oblong banner of silk carrying an appropriate message (usually for funerals) (Classifier: 幅 mn mn-t)
switch (of a keyboard key)
See also: 鍵軸

Cherry MX軸／Cherry MX轴 ― Cherry MX zhóu ― Cherry MX switch
Classifier for rolled-up things.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 幛子 (“oblong banner of silk carrying a message”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		幛子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	幛
Southern Min	Xiamen	軸
	Quanzhou	軸布
	Zhangzhou	軸
	Tainan	軸

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhòu, zhóu

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄡˋ, ㄓㄡˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk⁶ / zau⁶
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): dêg⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸jioq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhòu
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhòu
  - Wade–Giles: chou⁴
  - Yale: jòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jow
  - Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhóu
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhóu
  - Wade–Giles: chou²
  - Yale: jóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jour
  - Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zuk⁶ / zau⁶
  - Yale: juhk / jauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk⁹ / dzau⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zug⁶ / zeo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊk̚²/, /t͡sɐu̯²²/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dêg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: te̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tek̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸jioq
  - MiniDict: jioh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵jjioq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑioʔ¹²/

Definitions

軸

(theater, opera) last item on a theatrical performance

Compounds

壓軸／压轴 (yāzhòu)
壓軸子／压轴子 (yāzhòuzi)
壓軸戲／压轴戏 (yāzhòuxì)
大軸子／大轴子 (dàzhòuzi)
軸子／轴子

Japanese

Kanji

軸

(Jōyō kanji)

axis
pivot

Readings

Go-on: じく (jiku, Jōyō)^{←ぢく (diku, historical)}
Kan-on: ちく (chiku)
Kun: しんぎ (shingi, 軸)、まきもの (makimono, 軸)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
軸
じく Grade: S
on'yomi

Derived from Middle Chinese 軸 (MC drjuwk).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じく [jìkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑikɯ̟]

Noun

軸(じく) • (jiku) ^{←ぢく (diku)^?}

axis
片足(かたあし)を軸(じく)にして回(まわ)る
kataashi o jiku ni shite mawaru
to spin on one foot
(literally, “to spin with one foot as an axis”)

Compounds

ペン軸

Counter

軸(じく) • (-jiku) ^{←ぢく (-diku)^?}

things wrapped about a central rod- scrolls, rolls of material, also yarn balls
central axes
favoured horses

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

軸 • (chuk) (hangeul 축)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

軸: Hán Nôm readings: trục

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]