累

Stroke order

Stroke order (Japan)

累 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田女戈火 (WVIF), four-corner 6090₃, composition ⿱田糸)

• 傫, 嫘, 摞, 漯, 樏, 䐯, 磥, 縲 (缧), 螺, 鏍 (镙), 騾 (骡), 𰀨, 蔂, 䉂, 瘰

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 919, character 35
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27343
• Dae Jaweon: page 1351, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3381, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7D2F

• Unihan data for U+F94F

Simplified from 纍 (畾 → 田).

Folk etymology considers this character as an ideographic compound representing the tiredness after work. In ancient China, men were working in the field (田) while women sewed (糸).

Various semantic fields can be distinguished:

“to add; to accumulate”

Related to 壘 (OC *rulʔ, “rampart; to build by piling rocks”), 厽 (OC *rolʔ), 絫 (OC *rolʔ) (Wang, 1982).

“to damage; exhausted; tired”

Related to 儽 (OC *ruːls, *rul, “tired”), 儡 (OC *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls, “to injure”) (Schuessler, 2007). It can be compared with Khmer រួយ (ruəy, “tired; exhausted”), Mizo rawih (“weak; worn out; broken down”), Tibetan རུལ (rul, “to decay; to rot”), འབྲུལ ('brul, “to fall; to come out”), ཧྲུལ་པོ (hrul po, “torn; ragged”), སྲུལ (srul, “(archaic) to rot; to decompose”) (ibid.).

“to bind; to wind around”

See 纍 (OC *rul, *ruls).

累

1. to pile up; to heap up; to mount up; to accumulate

   積累／积累  ―  jīlěi  ―  to accumulate

   累計／累计  ―  lěijì  ―  to accumulate

   • 九層之臺，起於累土。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     九层之台，起于累土。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Tao Te Ching, 4^th century BCE

     Jiǔ céng zhī tái, qǐ yú lěi tǔ. [Pinyin]

     The tower of nine storeys rose from a (small) heap of earth.

2. repeated; numerous; unremitting; continuous; persistent

   經年累月／经年累月  ―  jīngniánlěiyuè  ―  for years and years

   • 六藝經傳以千萬數，累世不能殫其學，當年不能究其禮。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     六艺经传以千万数，累世不能殚其学，当年不能究其礼。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Liùyì jīngzhuàn yǐ qiānwàn shǔ, lěishì bùnéng dān qí xué, dāngnián bùnéng jiū qí lǐ. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. (obsolete) to repeat; to replicate; to overlap
4. (obsolete) to add (to); to increase; to grow
5. (obsolete) to amount (to); to sum up (to)
6. (obsolete) Alternative form of 絫 (lěi, “ancient weight unit”)
7. a surname

累

1. to involve; to implicate; to embroil; to entangle; to hinder

   連累／连累  ―  liánlei  ―  to implicate

   累人累物 [Cantonese]  ―  leoi⁶ jan⁴ leoi⁶ mat⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  to bring burden on others

2. (obsolete) burden; tribulation; affliction; problem
3. (obsolete) to damage; to hurt; to do harm to; to stain; to sully
4. (obsolete) to entrust; to delegate; to devolve

   • 吾欲以國累子，子必勿泄也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     吾欲以国累子，子必勿泄也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE

     Wú yù yǐ guó lěi zǐ, zǐ bì wù xiè yě. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

5. to strain; to wear out; to cause to be tired

   別累著眼睛／别累着眼睛  ―  bié lèi zhe yǎnjīng  ―  Do not tire your eyes.

   1. to cause trouble to; to trouble (someone)

      真係唔好意思，累你白行一趟。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      真系唔好意思，累你白行一趟。 [Cantonese, simp.]

      zan¹ hai⁶ m⁴ hou² ji³ si¹, leoi⁶ nei⁵ baak⁶ haang⁴ jat¹ tong³. [Jyutping]

      I'm really sorry for making you come here for nothing.

      • 來了很久吧，累你等了。 [MSC, trad.]
        来了很久吧，累你等了。 [MSC, simp.]

        From: 1958, 周而復, 上海的早晨

        Lái le hěn jiǔ ba, lěi nǐ děng le. [Pinyin]

        (please add an English translation of this usage example)

6. (obsolete) suffering; misery; harm; disaster
7. (obsolete) fault; crime; slip; defect
8. to work hard; to toil; to overwork

   我今天累了一整天。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

   Wǒ jīntiān lèi le yī zhěng tiān. [Pinyin]

   I've been working hard all day today.

9. tired; weary; fatigued; exhausted

   我很累。  ―  Wǒ hěn lèi.  ―  I'm tired.

   他會累得精疲力竭的。 [MSC, trad.]
   他会累得精疲力竭的。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā huì lèi dé jīngpílìjié de. [Pinyin]

   He'll wear himself out.

10. (obsolete) wife and children; one's family
11. (Changsha Xiang, polite) please; asking for help

    累你幫下忙囉。 [Xiang, trad.]
    累你帮下忙啰。 [Xiang, simp.]

    From: 1998, 鮑厚星 et al. (editors), 長沙方言詞典, page 66

    lia⁶ nyi³ ban¹ ha⁵ man² lo [Wiktionary]

    Please help.

• (tired):

累

1. Used in 累贅／累赘 (léizhui, “cumbersome”).

累

1. Only used in 謼遫累／呼遫累.

累

1. Only used in 肥累.

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 纍)

1. accumulate

• Go-on: るい (rui, Jōyō)^{←るゐ (ruwi, historical)}
• Kan-on: るい (rui, Jōyō)^{←るゐ (ruwi, historical)}
• Kun: かさね (kasane, 累)、かさねる (kasaneru, 累ねる)、しばる (shibaru, 累る)、わずらわせ (wazurawase, 累わせ)^{←わづらはせ (wadurafase, 累はせ, historical)}

累 (eumhun 묶을 루 (mukkeul ru), word-initial (South Korea) 묶을 누 (mukkeul nu))

1. hanja form^? of 루/누 (“tired”)
2. hanja form^? of 루/누 (“implicate, involve”)
3. hanja form^? of 루/누 (“bother”)

累: Hán Nôm readings: lụy/luỵ, lủi, lũy/luỹ, mệt, luy, luệ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.