66801 documents matched the search for Pre-industrial England in titles and keywords.
Go to document
|
1112131415161718191
The Surprising Wealth of Pre-industrial England, Brock Smith, Gregory Clark and Joseph Cummins,
from University of California, Davis, Department of Economics
(2010)
Keywords: Growth, England, Pre-industrial
Prices, wages and fertility in pre-industrial England, Marc Klemp,
in Cliometrica, Journal of Historical Economics and Econometric History
(2012)
Keywords: Malthus, Cointegration, Pre-industrial England
Prices, Wages and Fertility in Pre-Industrial England, Marc Klemp,
from University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics
(2011)
Keywords: Malthus; cointegration; pre-industrial England
Malthus in cointegration space: evidence of a post-Malthusian pre-industrial England, Niels Møller and Paul Sharp,
in Journal of Economic Growth
(2014)
Keywords: Cointegration, Malthus, Post-Malthusian regime, Pre-industrial England, Structural model, Unified growth theory,
Malthus in Cointegration Space: A new look at living standards and population in pre-industrial England, Niels Møller and Paul Sharp,
from University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics
(2008)
Keywords: cointegrated VAR; unit root econometrics; Malthus; Malthusian model; pre-industrial England
The Surprising Wealth of Pre-industrial England, Gregory Clark, Joseph Cummins and Brock Smith,
from University Library of Munich, Germany
(2010)
Keywords: Long Run Growth England
Of families and inheritance: law and development in England before the Industrial Revolution, Peter Grajzl and Peter Murrell,
in Cliometrica
(2023)
Keywords: Pre-industrial England, Caselaw, Economic development, Families, Inheritance, Malthus
Survival of the Richest: The Malthusian Mechanism in Pre-Industrial England, Gregory Clark and Gillian Hamilton,
from University of California, Davis, Department of Economics
(2006)
Keywords: england and economy
Competition and Commitment: the Supply and Enforcement of Rights to Improve Roads and Rivers in England, 1600-1750, Dan Bogart,
from University of California-Irvine, Department of Economics
(2008)
Keywords: Property rights; Commitment; Competition; Infrastructure Investment; Pre-Industrial England
Survival of the Richest? Social Status, Fertility, and Social Mobility in England 1541-1824, Nina Boberg-Fazlic, Paul Sharp and Jacob Weisdorf,
from University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics
(2011)
Keywords: demography; pre-industrial England, fertility; social mobility; survival of the richest
How substitutable are fixed factors in production? evidence from pre-industrial England, Joshua Wilde,
from University Library of Munich, Germany
(2012)
Keywords: Land, Industrial Revolution, Induced Innovation, Fixed Factors, Substitutability, Population, England, Plagues
How Substitutable are Fixed Factors in Production? Evidence from Pre-industrial England, Joshua Wilde,
from University of South Florida, Department of Economics
(2013)
Keywords: Land, Substitution, Population, England, Industrial Revolution, Demographic Transition, Induced Innovation, Plagues, Malthus
Randomness in the Bedroom: There Is No Evidence for Fertility Control in Pre-Industrial England, Gregory Clark and Neil Cummins,
in Demography
(2019)
Keywords: Pre-transitional fertility, Natural fertility, Spacing, Birth intervals, Parity-specific birth control
"Decessit sine prole" - childlessness, celibacy, and survival of the richest in pre-industrial England, David de la Croix, Eric Schneider and Jacob Weisdorf,
from London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Economic History
(2018)
Keywords: fertility; marriage; childlessness; European marriage pattern; Industrial Revolution; evolutionary advantage; social class
The price of human capital in a pre-industrial economy: Premiums and apprenticeship contracts in 18th century England, Chris Minns and Patrick Wallis,
in Explorations in Economic History
(2013)
Keywords: Apprenticeship; Training; 18th century England;
Understanding pre-industrial wages and incomes: A reassessment of the evidence and new interpretations based on France and Italy, Leonardo Ridolfi,
in Rivista di storia economica
(2023)
Keywords: Wages; pre-industrial labour markets; Italy; France
Labor income inequality in pre-industrial Mediterranean Spain: The city of Murcia in the 18th century, José-Antonio Espín-Sánchez, Salvador Gil-Guirado, W. Daniel Giraldo-Paez and Chris Vickers,
in Explorations in Economic History
(2019)
Keywords: Income inequality; Spain; Murcia; Pre-industrial economies;
On the role of families and kinship networks in pre-industrial agricultural societies: An analysis of the 1698 Slavonian census, Eugene A. Hammel and Hans-Peter Kohler,
in Journal of Population Economics
(2001)
Keywords: Kinship networks · pre-industrial societies · missing markets
Taxation in England during the Industrial Revolution, Ronald Max Hartwell,
in Cato Journal
(1981)
Keywords: Government, taxation, revenue, England, Industrial Revolution
England, Wifo,
in WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports)
(1929)
Keywords: England
England, Wifo,
in WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports)
(1933)
Keywords: England
Land Access Inequality and Education in Pre-Industrial Spain, Julio Martinez-Galarraga and Francisco Beltrán Tapia,
from University of Oxford, Department of Economics
(2015)
Keywords: economic history, inequality, land access inequality, education inequality, Spain, Pre-Industrial Spain
Post-Malthusian Dynamics in Pre-Industrial Scandinavia, Marc Klemp and Niels Framroze M¯ller,
from Brown University, Department of Economics
(2013)
Keywords: Demography, Post-Malthusian Dynamics, Malthus, Pre-Industrial Scandinavia, Demographic Transition, Economic Growth
Picking Winners? The Effect of Birth Order and Migration on Parental Human Capital Investments in Pre-Modern England, Marc Klemp, Chris Minns, Patrick Wallis and Jacob Weisdorf,
from Utrecht University, Centre for Global Economic History
(2013)
Keywords: Apprenticeship, Family Structure, Human Capital, Preindustrial England, Primogeniture
Childlessness, celibacy and net fertility in pre-industrial England: the middle-class evolutionary advantage, David de la Croix, Eric Schneider and Jacob Weisdorf,
in Journal of Economic Growth
(2019)
Keywords: Fertility, Marriage, Childlessness, European marriage pattern, Industrial revolution, Evolutionary advantage, Social class
Childlessness, Celibacy and Net Fertility in Pre-Industrial England: The Middle-class Evolutionary Advantage, Eric Schneider, David de la Croix and Jacob Weisdorf,
from C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers
(2017)
Keywords: Fertility; Marriage; Childlessness; European marriage pattern; Industrial rev- olution; Evolutionary advantage; Social class
Childlessness, celibacy and net fertility in pre-industrial England: the middle-class evolutionary advantage, David de la Croix, Eric Schneider and Jacob Weisdorf,
from London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library
(2019)
Keywords: fertility; marriage; childlessness; European marriage patter; industrial revolution; evolutionary advantage; social class
Childlessness, Celibacy and Net Fertility in Pre-Industrial England: The Middle-class Evolutionary Advantage, David de la Croix, Eric Schneider and Jacob Weisdorf,
from Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE)
(2019)
Keywords: Fertility, Marriage, Childlessness, European Marriage Pattern, Industrial Revolution, Evolutionary Advantage, Social Class JEL Classification: J12, J13, N33
“Taxation in England during the Industrial Revolutionâ€: A Comment, Donald N. McCloskey,
in Cato Journal
(1981)
Keywords: Government, taxation, revenue, England, Industrial Revolution
Real estate and financial markets in England and the Low Countries, 1300–1800, Christiaan van Bochove, Heidi Deneweth and Jaco Zuijderduijn,
from Utrecht University, Centre for Global Economic History
(2013)
Keywords: mortgages, Europe, pre-industrial period
The Pre-industrial landscape in Moravia. The case study of inventory and analysis of the ancient land use structures in the Czech Republic), Jaromír Kolejka, Tomáš Krejčí and Eva Nováková,
in Land Use Policy
(2020)
Keywords: Pre-industrial landscape; Land-use; GIS; Orthophotomap; Moravia; Czech Republic;
Post-Malthusian Dynamics in Pre-Industrial Scandinavia, Marc Klemp and Niels Møller,
from University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics
(2015)
Keywords: Demography, Post-Malthusian Dynamics, Malthus, Pre-Industrial Scandinavia, Demographic Transition, Economic Growth, Unified Growth Theory, Malthusian Stagnation, Co-integration, Time Series Analysis
Family Limitation in Pre-Industrial England, E. A. Wrigley,
in Economic History Review
(1966)
Did Caselaw Foster England’s Economic Development during the Industrial Revolution? Data and Evidence, Peter Grajzl and Peter Murrell,
from CESifo
(2022)
Keywords: caselaw, England, economic development, Industrial Revolution, topic modelling, time series
Measuring and explaining rural inequality in a pre-industrial setting: income inequality in sixteenth-century Ottoman Manisa, Pinar Ceylan,
from London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Economic History
(2022)
Keywords: pre-industrial inequality; agricultural incomes; property rights institutions; Ottoman tax surveys; Ottoman rural history
The Role of human capital in pre-industrial societies: skills and earnings in eighteenth-century Castile (Spain), Begoña Álvarez and Fernando Ramos Palencia,
from European Historical Economics Society (EHES)
(2016)
Keywords: human capital, pre-industrial Spain, skill premia, earnings inequality, quantile regression
The role of human capital in pre-industrial societies: Skills and earnings in eighteenth-century Castile (Spain), Begoña Álvarez and Fernando Ramos Palencia,
from Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Economics, Quantitative Methods and Economic History
(2016)
Keywords: human capital, pre-industrial Spain, skill premia, earnings inequality, quantile regression
Lineages of Scholars in pre-industrial Europe: Nepotism vs Intergenerational Human Capital Transmission, David de la Croix and Marc Goni,
from Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES)
(2020)
Keywords: Intergenerational mobility, human capital transmission, nepotism, university scholars, upper-tail human capital, pre-industrial Europe
Markets before economic growth: the grain market of medieval England, Gregory Clark,
in Cliometrica, Journal of Historical Economics and Econometric History
(2015)
Keywords: Pre-industrial markets, Market efficiency, Market institutions
Growth or stagnation in pre-industrial Britain? A revealed income growth approach, Christian Groth and Karl Gunnar Persson,
from Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE)
(2016)
Keywords: Malthusian stagnation; Engel’s law; Revealed income growth; Pre-industrial productivity growth; Structural change. JEL Classification: E24, N13, O11, O41, O47
Surplus, Scarcity and Soil Fertility in Pre-Industrial Austrian Agriculture—The Sustainability Costs of Inequality, Michael Gizicki-Neundlinger and And Dino Güldner,
in Sustainability
(2017)
Keywords: long-term socio-ecological research; social inequality; land costs of sustainability; material and nutrient flow accounting; pre-industrial agriculture
Visualising regional disparities in the risk of COVID-19 at different phases of lockdown in England, Yu-Wang Chen, Lei Ni, Dong-Ling Xu and Jian-Bo Yang,
in Environment and Planning A
(2021)
Keywords: COVID-19; local authorities; England; pre- and post-lockdown
La historia de los niveles de vida en Inglaterra, 1200-1800. Problemas y enfoques, Christopher Dyer,
in Historia Agraria. Revista de Agricultura e Historia Rural
(1998)
Keywords: : standards of living, pre-industrial England, consumer revolution, agrarian history
North and South: Social Mobility and Welfare Spending in Preindustrial England, Nina Boberg-Fazlic and Paul Sharp,
from European Historical Economics Society (EHES)
(2013)
Keywords: England, Poor Laws, social mobility, welfare
Erratum to: Prices, wages and fertility in pre-industrial England, Marc Klemp,
in Cliometrica, Journal of Historical Economics and Econometric History
(2012)
Survival of the Richest: The Malthusian Mechanism in Pre-Industrial England, Gregory Clark and Gillian Hamilton,
in The Journal of Economic History
(2006)
Family Limitation in Pre-Industrial England: A Reappraisal, Richard B. Morrow,
in Economic History Review
(1978)
“Swords into Ploughshares”: Recycling in Pre-Industrial England, Donald Woodward,
in Economic History Review
(1985)
The Preventive Check in Medieval and Pre-industrial England, Morgan Kelly and Cormac Ó Gráda,
from School of Economics, University College Dublin
(2011)
Keywords: Marriages; Merchets; Wheat prices; Malthus, Thomas Robert, 1766-1834
Wealth Inequality in Pre-industrial Rural England, Yuzuru Kumon,
from Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST)
(2021)
Wages and Living Standards in Pre-Industrial Times, Andrea Caracausi and Luca Mocarelli,
in Economia & lavoro
(2022)
Keywords: wages, pay, living standards, preindustrial age, manufacturing industries
Caselaw and England's economic performance during the Industrial Revolution: Data and evidence, Peter Grajzl and Peter Murrell,
in Journal of Comparative Economics
(2024)
Keywords: caselaw; England; per-capita output; Industrial Revolution; topic modeling; time series;
The role of experts in the public assessment of England´s trade crisis of the early 1620´s, Carlos Suprinyak,
from Cedeplar, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
(2011)
Keywords: pre-classical economics; mercantilism; 17th century; Stuart England; Lionel Cranfield.
Unreal Wages? Real Income and Economic Growth in England, 1260-1850, Jacob Weisdorf and Jane Humphries,
from C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers
(2017)
Keywords: Industrious revolution; Labour supply; England; Industrial revolution
How did the European Marriage Pattern Persist? Social versus Familial Inheritance: England and Quebec, 1650-1850, Gregory Clark, Neil Cummins and Matthew Curtis,
from C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers
(2022)
Keywords: European marriage pattern; Pre-industrial fertility limitation; Horizontal cultural transmission
THE WAGES OF WOMEN IN ENGLAND,1260-1850, Jane Humphries and Jacob Weisdorf,
from Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE)
(2015)
Keywords: Black Death; England; gender wage gap; industrial revolution; wages; women.
Interpreting a crisis: trade and money debates in England during the parliament of 1621, Carlos Suprinyak,
from Cedeplar, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
(2009)
Keywords: pre-classical economics; mercantilism; XVII century; Stuart England; Thomas Mun
Human capital formation in the long run: evidence from average years of schooling in England, 1300–1900, Alexandra de Pleijt,
in Cliometrica, Journal of Historical Economics and Econometric History
(2018)
Keywords: Human capital, Industrial revolution, Economic growth, England
Human capital formation in the long run: evidence from average years of schooling in England, 1300–1900, Alexandra de Pleijt,
in Cliometrica
(2018)
Keywords: Human capital, Industrial revolution, Economic growth, England
Markets in pre-industrial societies:storage in Hellenistic Babylonia in the English mirror, Péter Földvári, Bas van Leeuwen and Reinhard Pirngruber,
from Utrecht University, Centre for Global Economic History
(2011)
Keywords: Hellenistic Babylonia, storage, England, Babylon, seasonality, ancient history, medieval history
Reflections of Industrial Revolution on Work Life in England and Its Projections in Literature: An Analysis on Charles Dickens’s Hard Times, Hatice Ozutku, Yasemin Tekinkaya and Tuba Vural,
in Business and Economics Research Journal
(2018)
Keywords: Industrial Revolution in England; History of Management; Charles Dickens; Hard Times; Positivism; Work Life
Remarks at a forum on opportunities and challenges facing New England's smaller industrial cities, Eric Rosengren,
from Federal Reserve Bank of Boston
(2011)
Keywords: Cities and towns - New England; Economic conditions - New England
Preindustrial Economic Growth: ca. 1270–1820, Alexandra M. Pleijt and Jan Luiten Zanden,
from Springer
(2024)
Keywords: Preindustrial growth, Little Divergence, Industrial revolution, North-Western Europe
Nature as historical protagonist: environment and society in pre‐industrial England, Bruce M. S. Campbell,
in Economic History Review
(2010)
Was Malthus right? A VAR analysis of economic and demographic interactions in pre-industrial England, Esteban Nicolini,
in European Review of Economic History
(2007)
The extent of citizenship in pre-industrial England, Germany, and the low countries, Chris Minns, Clare Crowston, Raoul De Kerf, Bert De Munck, Marcel Hoogenboom, Christopher Kissane, Maarten Prak and Patrick Wallis,
from London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library
(2019)
Climatic Conditions and Productivity: An Impact Evaluation in Pre-industrial England, Stéphane Auray, Aurélien Eyquem and Frédéric Jouneau-Sion,
in Annals of Economics and Statistics
(2016)
Keywords: Climatic Conditions, TFP Shocks, Real Wages, Real Rents.
The extent of citizenship in pre-industrial England, Germany, and the Low Countries, Chris Minns, Clare H Crowston, Raoul De Kerf, Bert De Munck, Marcel J Hoogenboom, Christopher M Kissane, Maarten Prak and Patrick H Wallis,
in European Review of Economic History
(2020)
Climatic Conditions and Productivity: An Impact Evaluation in Pre-industrial England, Stéphane Auray, Aurélien Eyquem and Frédéric Jouneau-Sion,
from HAL
(2014)
Keywords: Climatic conditions,TFP shocks,real wages,real rents
Religious Orders and Growth through Cultural Change in Pre-Industrial England, Thomas Andersen, Jeanet Bentzen, Carl-Johan Dalgaard and Paul Sharp,
from DEGIT, Dynamics, Economic Growth, and International Trade
(2010)
Keywords: Protestant Ethic, Malthusian population dynamics, economic development
Climatic Conditions and Productivity: An Impact Evaluation in Pre-industrial England, Stéphane Auray, Aurélien Eyquem and Frédéric Jouneau-Sion,
from HAL
(2016)
Keywords: Climatic conditions,TFP shocks,real wages,real rents
Climatic Conditions and Productivity: An Impact Evaluation in Pre-industrial England, Stéphane Auray, Aurélien Eyquem and Frédéric Jouneau-Sion,
from Center for Research in Economics and Statistics
(2012)
Keywords: Climatic conditions TFP shocks, land rent
"Decessit sine prole" Childlessness, Celibacy, and Survival of the Richest in Pre-Industrial England, David de la Croix, Eric Schneider and Jacob Weisdorf,
from Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES)
(2017)
Climatic Conditions and Productivity: An Impact Evaluation in Pre-industrial England, Stéphane Auray, Aurélien Eyquem and Frédéric Jouneau-Sion,
from Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon St-Étienne (GATE Lyon St-Étienne), Université de Lyon
(2014)
Keywords: Climatic conditions, TFP shocks, real wages, real rents
Religious orders and growth through cultural change in pre-industrial England, Thomas Andersen, Jeanet Bentzen, Carl-Johan Dalgaard and Paul Sharp,
from University of Southern Denmark, Department of Economics
(2012)
Keywords: Cultural values; protestant ethic; economic development
Religious Orders and Growth through Cultural Change in Pre-Industrial England, Thomas Andersen, Jeanet Bentzen, Carl-Johan Dalgaard and Paul Sharp,
from University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics
(2011)
Keywords: Protestant ethic; Malthusian population dynamics; economic development
Progenitors of modern management accounting concepts and mensurations in pre-industrial England, Michael Scorgie,
in Accounting History Review
(1997)
Keywords: History;Walter Of Henley;Fleta;Standards;Managerialism;Accounting,
A macrohistory of legal evolution and coevolution: Property, procedure, and contract in early-modern English caselaw, Peter Grajzl and Peter Murrell,
in International Review of Law and Economics
(2023)
Keywords: Legal coevolution; Caselaw; Legal history; Pre-industrial England; Time series; Machine-learning;
Economic inequality and growth before the industrial revolution: A case study of the Low Countries (14th-19th centuries), Wouter Ryckbosch,
from "Carlo F. Dondena" Centre for Research on Social Dynamics (DONDENA), Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi
(2014)
Keywords: Income Inequality, Pre-Industrial, Economic Growth, super Kuznets curve.
Industrial Organisation: Transition from Pre-Industrial to Industrial Forms, Maxine Berg,
from University of Warwick - Department of Economics
(1991)
Keywords: Agricultural and Food Policy, Industrial Organization
A Tale of Two “Educational Revolutions”. Human Capital Formation in England in the Long Run, Alexandra de Pleijt,
in Revue d'économie politique
(2020)
Keywords: human capital, long-run growth, England, industrial revolution, educational revolution
New England's banking recovery, Richard F. Syron,
in New England Banking Trends
(1993)
Keywords: New England
New Englands' community banks, Peggy Gilligan,
in New England Banking Trends
(1999)
Keywords: New England
New England: the regional recovery, Katharine Bradbury and Peggy Gilligan,
in New England Banking Trends
(1994)
Keywords: New England
City-region devolution in England, Ruth Lupton, Ceri Hughes, Sian Peake-Jones and Kerris Cooper,
from Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE
(2018)
Keywords: devolution, England
City-region devolution in England, Ruth Lupton, Ceri Hughes, Sian Peake-Jones and Kerris Maya Louise Cooper,
from London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library
(2018)
Keywords: devolution; England
The Wages of Women in England, 1260-1850, Jane Humphries and Jacob Weisdorf,
from University of Oxford, Department of Economics
(2014)
Keywords: Black Death, England, gender wage gap, industrial revolution, gender segregation, wages, women
The Wages of Women in England, 1260-1850, Jane Humphries and Jacob Weisdorf,
from C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers
(2014)
Keywords: Black death; England; Gender segregation; Gender wage gap; Industrial revolution; Wages; Women
The Movement of Factory Workers: A Study of New England Industrial Community, 1937-1939 and 1942, Charles A. Myers and Rupert MacLaurin,
from The MIT Press
(1943)
Keywords: worker mobility, factory workers, New England
Developing or Degrading Young Workers? How Business Strategy and the Labour Process Shape Job Quality across Different Industrial Sectors in England, Edward Yates,
in Work, Employment & Society
(2023)
Keywords: business strategy; England; Greater Manchester; industrial sectors; job quality; labour process; training and skills; vocational education; young workers
The Agrarian Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England, Larry Patriquin,
in Review of Radical Political Economics
(2004)
Keywords: capitalism; enclosures; industrial revolution; land tenure; peasantry
Agricultural output, calories and living standards in England before and during the Industrial Revolution, Morgan Kelly and Cormac Ó Gráda,
from School of Economics, University College Dublin
(2012)
Keywords: Agriculture; Nutrition; Economic growth; Agricultural productivity--Wales--History; Agricultural productivity--England--History; Nutrition--Wales--History; Nutrition--England--History; Economic development--Wales--History; Economic development--England--History
One view of what the future holds for New England, Lynn E. Browne and Richard F. Syron,
in Annual Report
(1989)
Keywords: New England
Comments on revised New England employment data, Jennifer L. Givens,
in New England Economic Indicators
(1989)
Keywords: New England
One view of what the future holds for New England, Lynn E. Browne and Richard F. Syron,
in New England Economic Indicators
(1989)
Keywords: New England
New England migration trends, David Agrawal,
from Federal Reserve Bank of Boston
(2006)
Keywords: Migration, Internal - New England; New England - Population
New banks in New England, Constance R. Dunham,
in New England Economic Review
(1989)
Keywords: Banking structure - New England; New England
Skill choice and skill complementarity in eighteenth century England, Naomi Feldman and Karine van der Beek,
in Explorations in Economic History
(2016)
Keywords: Industrial revolution; Human capital; Skill-biased technological change; Apprenticeship; Eighteenth-century England; Mechanical trades; Machine making;
UNREAL WAGES? REAL INCOME AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN ENGLAND, 1260-1850, Jane Humphries and Jacob Weisdorf,
from European Historical Economics Society (EHES)
(2017)
Keywords: England; Industrial Revolution; Industrious Revolution; Labour Supply; Living standards; Malthusian Model; Modern Economic Growth; Real Wages
Unreal wages? Real income and economic growth in England, 1260-1850, Jane Humphries and Jacob Weisdorf,
from London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library
(2019)
Keywords: England; industrial revolution; real wages; industrious revolution; labour supply; living standards; malthusian model; modern economic growth
|