Search Results

Fuel Demand Elasticities in Brazil: A Panel Data Analysis with Instrumental Variables,
Frederico Uch A, Cleiton Silva de Jesus and Leonardo Cardoso, in International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy (2020)
Keywords: Fuel demand, Causal inference, Panel data analysis, price elasticity, cross price elasticity.

Fuel Demand Elasticities for Energy and Environmental Policies Indian Sample Survey Evidence,
Haripriya Gundimeda and Gunnar Köhlin, from East Asian Bureau of Economic Research (2006)
Keywords: LA-AIDS, fuel, India, income, price, elasticities, NSSO data

Fuel Demand Elasticities for Energy and Environmental Policies: Indian Sample Survey Evidence,
Haripriya Gundimeda and Atheendar Gunnar Köhlin, from Madras School of Economics,Chennai,India (2006)
Keywords: LA-AIDS, fuel, India, income, price, elasticities, NSSO data

Fueling electrification: The impact of gas prices on hybrid car usage,
Laura Grigolon, Eunseong Park and Kevin Remmy, from ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research (2024)
Keywords: fuel price elasticity, automobiles, carbon emissions

Is gasoline price elasticity in the United States increasing? Evidence from the 2009 and 2017 national household travel surveys,
Frank Goetzke and Colin Vance, from RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen (2018)
Keywords: fuel price elasticity, household VMT, heterogeneity

The Responsiveness of Fuel Demand to Gasoline Price in Passenger Transport,
Walid Matar, from King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center (2016)
Keywords: Economic Modeling, Fuel Demand, Fuel Price, Fuel Substitutes, Policy Development, Price Elasticity, Transportation

Dynamics of fuel demand elasticity: Evidence from Iranian subsidy reforms,
Hamed Ghoddusi, Mohammad Morovati and Nima Rafizadeh, in Energy Economics (2022)
Keywords: Subsidized fuel; Subsidy reform; Price elasticity; Time-varying elasticity; Panel data estimation;

Estimating Elasticity of Transport Fuel Demand in Pakistan,
Muhammad Omer, from eSocialSciences (2018)
Keywords: Pakistan, elasticity, transport fuel, prices, inferior goods, CNG, diesel, exchange rate, normal good, substitutability, petrol, income elasticity, perfect, demand, substitutes

Simplifying the Price Elasticity of Demand,
Thomas Andrews and Cynthia Benzing, in Journal for Economic Educators (2010)
Keywords: elasticity of demand, price elasticity, demand

No Need for Speed: Fuel Prices, Driving Speeds, and the Revealed Value of Time on the German Autobahn,
Thomas Hagedorn, Till Kösters, Jan Wessel and Sebastian Specht, from Institute of Transport Economics, University of Muenster (2023)
Keywords: fuel prices, speed price elasticity, no speed limit, short-run fuel demand elasticity, value of time, German Autobahn

Fueling Electrification: The Impact of Gas Prices on Hybrid Car Usage,
Laura Grigolon, Eunseong Park and Kevin Remmy, from University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany (2024)
Keywords: plug-in-hybrids, fuel prices, fuel elasticities, value of time, fuel consumption, driving habit formation

Oil Price Uncertainty, Transport Fuel Demand and Public Health,
Ling-Yun He, Sheng Yang and Dongfeng Chang, in IJERPH (2017)
Keywords: road transport; air pollution emissions; oil prices; public health; fuel demand price elasticities; pollution emission elasticities

It's the economy, stupid: increasing fuel price is enough to explain Peak Car in Sweden,
Anne Bastian and Maria Börjesson, from CTS - Centre for Transport Studies Stockholm (KTH and VTI) (2014)
Keywords: Peak Car; Fuel price elasticity; Transport model; Urban car travel

Differences in the effects of fuel price and income on private car use in Sweden 1999-2008,
Roger Pyddoke and Jan-Erik Swärdh, from CTS - Centre for Transport Studies Stockholm (KTH and VTI) (2015)
Keywords: Car use; Fuel-price elasticity; Register data; Dynamic panel data

On the price elasticity of demand for trademarks,
Gaétan de Rassenfosse, from Chair of Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy (2015)
Keywords: Fee, Price Elasticity, Trademark

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Price Elasticities of Transport Fuel Demand in Belgium,
Tom Schmitz, from OECD Publishing (2012)
Keywords: Belgique, Belgium, elasticity of fuel demand, fuel taxes, greenhouse gas emissions, road transport, taxes sur les carburants, transport routier, élasticité de la demande de carburants, émissions de gaz à effet de serre

Estimating Price Elasticities with Non-Linear Errors in Variables,
Aprajit Mahajan, from Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (2009)
Keywords: price elasticities

Easing the traffic: The effects of Indonesia's fuel subsidy reforms on toll-road travel,
Paul Burke, Tsendsuren Batsuuri and Muhammad Yudhistira, from The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics (2017)
Keywords: fuel subsidy, gasoline, price, elasticity, transport, Indonesia

Easing the traffic: The effects of Indonesia’s fuel subsidy reforms on toll-road travel,
Paul Burke, Tsendsuren Batsuuri and Muhammad Yudhistira, in Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice (2017)
Keywords: Fuel subsidy; Gasoline; Price; Elasticity; Transport; Indonesia;

Price elasticity of gasoline smuggling: A semi-structural estimation approach,
Hamed Ghoddusi, Nima Rafizadeh and Mohammad Rahmati, in Energy Economics (2018)
Keywords: Gasoline smuggling; Fuel subsidy removal; Price elasticity; Gasoline price differential; Panel data estimation;

Drive less, drive better, or both? Behavioral adjustments to fuel price changes in Germany,
Anna Alberini, Marco Horvath and Colin Vance, from RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen (2021)
Keywords: On-Road fuel economy, price elasticity, vehicle kilometers traveled, motor fuel prices

Drive less, drive better, or both? Behavioral adjustments to fuel price changes in Germany,
Anna Alberini, Marco Horvath and Colin Vance, in Resource and Energy Economics (2022)
Keywords: On-road fuel economy; Price elasticity; Vehicle kilometers traveled; Motor fuel prices;

The Impact of Energy Prices on Electricity Production in Egypt,
Doaa Ahmed and Amira Akl Ahmed, in International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy (2019)
Keywords: Energy prices, Electricity generation, Fuel, elasticity of production

The Price Elasticity for Gasoline Revisited,
Rolando F. Pelaez, in The Energy Journal (1981)
Keywords: Price elasticity; Gasoline; Gasoline demand

On Price Elasticities in Foreign Trade,
Eva Christina Horwitz, from Research Institute of Industrial Economics (1981)
Keywords: International trade; Forecasting; Price elasticity

Fuel economy and the price of gasoline: Evidence from fueling-level micro data,
Christopher R. Knittel and Shinsuke Tanaka, in Journal of Public Economics (2021)
Keywords: Price elasticity of on-road fuel economy; Driving habit formation; Gasoline consumption;

Import Price-Elasticities: Reconsidering the Evidence,
Hélène Erkel-Rousse and Daniel Mirza, from Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1) (2000)
Keywords: COMPETITION ; PRICES ; TRADE ; ELASTICITY

Traveled distance, stock and fuel efficiency of private vehicles in Canada: price elasticities and rebound effect,
Philippe Barla, Bernard Lamonde, Luis Miranda-Moreno and Nathalie Boucher, in Transportation (2009)
Keywords: Gasoline elasticity, Rebound effect, Vehicle kilometers traveled, Vehicle stock, Vehicle fuel efficiency,

From residential energy demand to fuel poverty: income-induced non-linearities in the reactions of households to energy price fluctuations,
Dorothée Charlier and Sondès Kahouli, from FAERE - French Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (2018)
Keywords: Fuel poverty, Residential energy demand, Price elasticity, Income elasticity, Panel threshold regression

From residential energy demand to fuel poverty: income-induced non-linearities in the reactions of households to energy price fluctuations,
Dorothée Charlier and Sondès Kahouli, from FAERE - French Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (2018)
Keywords: Fuel poverty, Residential energy demand, Price elasticity, Income elasticity, Panel threshold regression

Compensating against fuel price inflation: Price subsidies or transfers?,
Odran Bonnet, Étienne Fize, Tristan Loisel and Lionel Wilner, from HAL (2024)
Keywords: Commodity taxation,Excise fuel tax,Tax-and-transfer schemes,Gasoline price elasticity,Anticipatory behavior,Transaction-level data

Compensating against fuel price inflation: Price subsidies or transfers?,
Odran Bonnet, Étienne Fize, Tristan Loisel and Lionel Wilner, in Journal of Environmental Economics and Management (2025)
Keywords: Commodity taxation; Excise fuel tax; Tax-and-transfer schemes; Gasoline price elasticity; Anticipatory behavior; Transaction-level data;

Compensating against fuel price inflation: Price subsidies or transfers?,
Odran Bonnet, Étienne Fize, Tristan Loisel and Lionel Wilner, from HAL (2024)
Keywords: Commodity taxation,Excise fuel tax,Tax-and-transfer schemes,Gasoline price elasticity,Anticipatory behavior,Transaction-level data

Compensating against fuel price inflation: Price subsidies or transfers?,
Odran Bonnet, Étienne Fize, Tristan Loisel and Lionel Wilner, from HAL (2024)
Keywords: Commodity taxation,Excise fuel tax,Tax-and-transfer schemes,Gasoline price elasticity,Anticipatory behavior,Transaction-level data

Linking soy oil demand from the US Renewable Fuel Standard to palm oil expansion through an analysis on vegetable oil price elasticities,
Fabio Santeramo and Stephanie Searle, from University Library of Munich, Germany (2018)
Keywords: Biofuel; Price elasticity; Oils market; SURE

Assessment of the effectiveness of fuel and toll pricing policies in motorway emissions: An ex-post analysis,
T. Fontes, S.R. Pereira, J.M. Bandeira and M.C. Coelho, in Research in Transportation Economics (2015)
Keywords: Fuel pricing; Toll pricing; Road pricing; Transportation policies; Elasticity; Emissions cost;

Domestic transport charges: Estimation of transport-related elasticities,
Dean Hyslop, Trinh Le, David Maré, Lynn Riggs and Nic Watson, from Motu Economic and Public Policy Research (2023)
Keywords: price elasticities, transport demand vehicle kilometres travelled, fuel usage

Gasoline Demand Elasticities at the Backdrop of Lower Oil Prices: Fuel-Subsidizing Country Case,
Jeyhun I. Mikayilov, Shahriyar Mukhtarov and Jeyhun Mammadov, in Energies (2020)
Keywords: gasoline demand modeling; time-varying income and price elasticities; oil-prices; Azerbaijan; MIS; STSM

Price elasticities for disaggregated expenditures,
François Gardes, from Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne (2017)
Keywords: domestic production; full price elasticity; Pigou law

On repeated myopic use of the inverse elasticity pricing rule,
Kenneth Fjell and Debashis Pal, in Economics Letters (2019)
Keywords: Microeconomics; Markup pricing; Elasticity;

Price and income elasticities of residential energy demand in Germany,
Isabella Schulte and Peter Heindl, in Energy Policy (2017)
Keywords: Energy consumption; Price elasticities;

The price elasticity of electricity demand in South Australia,
Shu Fan and Rob Hyndman, from Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics (2010)
Keywords: Electricity demand; Price elasticity

Fuel poverty and residential energy demand: how fuel-poor households react to energy price fluctuations,
Dorothée Charlier and Sondès Kahouli, from HAL (2018)
Keywords: France,Income non-linearities,Residential energy demand,Price elasticity,Fuel poverty,Panel threshold regression

The economic cost of fuel subsidies in Ghana,
Roland O. Ofori, in Socio-Economic Planning Sciences (2023)
Keywords: Deadweight loss; Developing countries; Fuel subsidies; Harberger triangle; Price elasticities;

Vulnerability to fuel price increases in the UK: A household level analysis,
Giulio Mattioli, Zia Wadud and Karen Lucas, in Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice (2018)
Keywords: Oil vulnerability; Price elasticities; Distributional impacts; Fuel demand; Transport affordability; Low-income households;

Gasoline and diesel demand elasticities: A consistent estimate across the EU-28,
Abenezer Zeleke Aklilu, from Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department Economics (2016)
Keywords: fuel demand; income and price elasticities; EU countries; ARDL bounds testing

Price and income elasticities of residential energy demand in Germany,
Isabella Schulte and Peter Heindl, from ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research (2016)
Keywords: energy consumption, price elasticities, expenditure elasticities

Price elasticity of household water demand in the Czech Republic,
Jana Hortová and Ladislav Krištoufek, from Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies (2014)
Keywords: water consumption, price elasticity, income elasticity

Your mileage may vary: Have road-fuel demand elasticities changed over time in middle-income countries?,
Brantley Liddle, Fakhri J. Hasanov and Steven Parker, in Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice (2022)
Keywords: Road-fuel demand; Income and price elasticities; Middle-income country panels; Time-varying estimates; Rolling window regressions; Panel heterogeneity;

Estimating Energy Price Elasticities When Salience is High: Residential Natural Gas Demand in Ukraine,
Anna Alberini, Olha Khymych and Milan Ščasný, from Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies (2019)
Keywords: Residential gas demand, energy transition, short-run price elasticity, tariff reforms, salience, fuel poverty

Vehicle miles traveled induced demand, rebound effect, and price and income elasticities: A US spatial econometric analysis,
Jamal Mamkhezri and Mohsen Khezri, in Transport Policy (2024)
Keywords: Vehicle miles traveled; Fuel price elasticity; Rebound effect; Induced travel effect; Spatial panel analysis;

Fuel Prices and New Vehicle Fuel Economy in Europe,
Thomas Klier and Joshua Linn, from Resources for the Future (2011)
Keywords: fuel prices, fuel economy, new vehicles, Europe

Export Competitiveness - Fuel Price Nexus in Developing Countries: Real or False Concern?,
Kangni Kpodar, Stefania Fabrizio and Kodjovi Eklou, from International Monetary Fund (2019)
Keywords: WP;export growth;price shock;gasoline pump price;cross price elasticity;diesel pump price;energy price shock;fuel price hike;fuel price increase;input cost;price change;pump price;stabilization fund; Retail fuel prices; Fuel Subsidies; Developing countries; Fuel prices; Inflation; Export performance; Energy prices; Real exports; Europe

How price inelastic is demand for gasoline in fuel-subsidizing economies?,
Mohammad Arzaghi and Jay Squalli, in Energy Economics (2015)
Keywords: Gasoline demand; Fuel subsidies; Elasticity;

How much can CO2 emissions be reduced if fossil fuel subsidies are removed?,
Gabriela Mundaca, in Energy Economics (2017)
Keywords: Energy subsidies; CO2 emissions; Fossil fuel price elasticities;

Analyzing light fuel demand elasticities in Brazil using cointegration techniques,
Luciano Rodrigues and Mirian Rumenos Piedade Bacchi, in Energy Economics (2017)
Keywords: Cointegration; Fuel demand; Time series; Private transportation; Elasticities;

The Impact of Oil Prices on World Trade,
Giulia Brancaccio, Myrto Kalouptsidi and Theodore Papageorgiou, from Boston College Department of Economics (2021)
Keywords: fuel costs, shipping, world trade, trade elasticity, oil prices, fuel efficiency, fuel cost pass-through

On the price elasticity of demand for patents,
Gaétan de Rassenfosse and Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potter, from ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles (2008)
Keywords: patent cost; patenting fees; price elasticity; patent systems; propensity to patent

On the price elasticity of demand for patents,
Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie and Gaétan de Rassenfosse, from C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers (2008)
Keywords: Patent cost; Patent systems; Patenting fees; Price elasticity; Propensity to patent

On the Price Elasticity of Demand for Patents,
Gaétan de Rassenfosse and Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potter, from ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles (2008)
Keywords: patent cost; patenting fees; price elasticity; patent systems; propensity to patent

Product Similarity and Cross-Price Elasticity,
Sreya Kolay and Rajeev K. Tyagi, in Review of Industrial Organization (2018)
Keywords: Cross-price elasticity, Product similarity, Spatial competition

The Price Elasticity of African Elephant Poaching,
Quy-Toan Do, Andrei Levchenko, Lin Ma, Julian Blanc, Holly Dublin and Tom Milliken, in The World Bank Economic Review (2021)
Keywords: elephants, poaching, price elasticity, storage, conservation

Elasticities of Stock Prices in Emerging Markets,
Luiz Paulo Lopes Fávero and Fernando Barreira Sotelino, from Emerald Group Publishing Limited (2011)
Keywords: Elasticity, stock prices, emerging markets, panel data

R&D and Price Elasticity of Demand,
Dorothea Lucke, Philipp Schröder and Dieter Schumacher, from DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research (2004)
Keywords: R&D intensity; Price elasticity; Exports

Assessing Russia's Non-fuel Trade Elasticities: Does the Russian Economy React "Normally" to Exchange Rate Movements?,
Christian Gianella and Corinne Chanteloup, from OECD Publishing (2006)
Keywords: balance commerciale hors hydrocarbures, commerce extérieur, compétitivité-prix, exchange rates, foreign trade, non-fuel trade balance, price elasticities, price-competitiveness, Russia, Russie, taux de change, élasticité-prix

Money flexibility, price elasticity, and elasticity of marginal utility of consumption,
Sergey Malakhov, from University Library of Munich, Germany (2014)
Keywords: money flexibility, price elasticity, elasticity of marginal utility of consumption, Veblen effect

From Residential Energy Demand to Fuel Poverty: Income-induced Non-linearities in the Reactions of Households to Energy Price Fluctuations,
Dorothée Charlier and Sondès Kahouli, in The Energy Journal (2019)
Keywords: Residential energy demand; Income non-linearities; Price elasticity; Fuel poverty; Panel threshold regression; France

How does fuel demand respond to price changes? Quasi-experimental evidence based on high-frequency data,
M. Adam, O. Bonnet, E. Fize, T. Loisel, M. Rault and Lionel Wilner, from Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (2023)
Keywords: Fuel demand ,price elasticity ,excise tax changes ,anticipatory behavior ,transaction-level data.

The theorem of consumer surplus and demand elasticity at equilibrium price in a monopolist competition case,
Petr Grebennikov, from University Library of Munich, Germany (2010)
Keywords: consumer surplus; price elasticity

Adjusted repeated myopic use of the inverse elasticity pricing rule,
Kenneth Fjell and Debashis Pal, in Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management (2021)
Keywords: Microeconomics, Markup pricing, Elasticity

Supply elasticity matters for the rebound effect and its impact on policy comparisons,
Hamed Ghoddusi and Mandira Roy, in Energy Economics (2017)
Keywords: Rebound effect; Supply elasticity; Endogenous fuel price; Efficiency improvement; Clean fuel;

A co-integration analysis of the price and income elasticities of energy demand in Turkish agriculture,
Berna Türkekul and Gökhan UnakItan, in Energy Policy (2011)
Keywords: Error correction model Income elasticity Price elasticity

Urban Fuel Demand in Ethiopia: An Almost-Ideal Demand System Approach,
Zenebe Gebreegziabher, Arie J. Oskam and Bayou Demeke, from Resources for the Future (2010)
Keywords: price elasticities, income elasticities, almost-ideal fuel demand system, reducing deforestation, Ethiopia

Estimating Rebound Effects in Personal Automotive Transport: Gas Price and the Presence of Hybrids,
Carlena Cochi Ficano and Patrick Thompson, in The American Economist (2014)
Keywords: gasoline price elasticity; transportation demand; vehicles; fuel efficiency; rebound effect

Price and Income Elasticities for Medical Care Services,
Joseph Newhouse and Charles E. Phelps, from Palgrave Macmillan (1974)
Keywords: Price Elasticity, Income Elasticity, Rand Corporation, Wage Income, Budget Share

Price and Income Elasticities for Intercity Public Transport in Spain,
Pablo Coto-Millán, José Baños, Gema Carrera-Gómez, Juan Castanedo-Galán, Miguel A. Pesquera, Vicente Inglada and Rubén Sainz, from Springer (2007)
Keywords: Price Elasticity, Income Elasticity, Road Transport, Transport Service, Passenger Transport

Heterogeneity in price elasticity of vehicle kilometers traveled: Evidence from micro-level panel data,
Ivan Tilov and Sylvain Weber, in Energy Economics (2023)
Keywords: Vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT); car-travel demand; Fuel price; Elasticities; Household behavior; Heterogeneity; Quantile regression; Panel data; Switzerland;

Heterogeneity in price elasticity of vehicle kilometers traveled: Evidence from micro-level panel data,
Ivan Tilov and Sylvain Weber, from IRENE Institute of Economic Research (2020)
Keywords: vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT), car-travel demand, fuel price, elasticities, household behavior, heterogeneity, quantile regression, panel data, Switzerland.

Linking soy oil demand from the US Renewable Fuel Standard to palm oil expansion through an analysis on vegetable oil price elasticities,
Fabio Santeramo and Stephanie Searle, in Energy Policy (2019)
Keywords: CODE: O13; P28; Q21; Q42; Biofuel; Price elasticity; Oils market; SURE;

FUEL PRICES AND CAR SALES,
Vlad Cârstea, in Romanian Economic Business Review (2008)
Keywords: Automotive industry, fuel price, car sales

The Short-Term Price Elasticity, Temperature Elasticity, and Wind Speed Elasticity of Electricity: A Case Study from Norway,
Johannes Idsø, Jon Gunnar Nesse and Øyvind Heimset Larsen, in Sustainability (2024)
Keywords: price elasticity of electricity; temperature elasticity of electricity; wind speed elasticity of electricity; consumption of electricity; transmission cables of electricity

Price and income elasticities of demand for passenger transport fuels in Spain. Implications for public policies,
Desiderio Romero-Jordan, Pablo del Río, Marta Jorge-García and Mercedes Burguillo, in Energy Policy (2010)
Keywords: Transport Fuel AIDS model

On Price Elasticity of Electicity Demand,
M. Kukoverov, in Journal of the New Economic Association (2019)
Keywords: electricity demand, price elasticity of demand, sectoral planning, capacity excess in UPS, operations research, econometric estimation

The price elasticity of warm-glow giving,
Luca Gandullia, in Economics Letters (2019)
Keywords: Charitable giving; Warm-glow; Price elasticity; Online experiments;

The price elasticity of parking: A meta-analysis,
Stephan Lehner and Stefanie Peer, in Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice (2019)
Keywords: Parking occupancy; Parking demand; Meta-analysis; Price elasticity; SUR;

The elasticity of substitution of superlative price indices,
Petter Frenger, from Statistics Norway, Research Department (2005)
Keywords: elasticity of substitution; superlative index; consumer price index (CPI).

Price Elasticity of Alcohol Demand in India,
Santosh Kumar, from Sam Houston State University, Department of Economics and International Business (2016)
Keywords: Price elasticity of demand; Alcohol demand; Public policy; India

Price elasticities for disaggregated expenditures,
François Gardes, from HAL (2017)
Keywords: domestic production,full price,price elasticity,Pigou law,production domestique,prix complet,élasticité-prix,loi de Pigou

Price elasticities for disaggregated expenditures,
François Gardes, from HAL (2017)
Keywords: domestic production,full price,price elasticity,Pigou law,production domestique,prix complet,élasticité-prix,loi de Pigou

Estimating diffusion and price elasticity with application to telecommunications,
Christos Michalakelis, Georgia Dede, Dimitris Varoutas and Thomas Sphicopoulos, in Netnomics (2010)
Keywords: Diffusion, Forecasting, Price indices, Diffusion–price model, Diffusion elasticity, Price elasticity,