ETLA Reports

Continuation of Discussion Papers.

From The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy
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156: R&D Activities in the Machinery and Equipment Industry

Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö and Mika Pajarinen

155: Service Offshoring, Productivity and Employment

Terhi Maczulskij and Otto Kässi

154: Skilled Foreign Workers in Finland

Antti Kauhanen, Terhi Maczulskij, Krista Riukula and Olli Ropponen

153: Innovation Cooperation and Its Outcomes in Finnish-owned and Foreign-owned Firms

Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö, Mika Pajarinen and Ilkka Ylhäinen

152: 5G in the Era of Geoeconomics: Playbook for Finland?

Petri Rouvinen, Timo Ali-Vehmas, Timo Harakka, Nina Hyvärinen, Heli Koski, Otto Kässi, Ilkka Lakaniemi, Denisa Mäki and Kent Thorén

151: Productivity and Green Transition in Finland

Natalia Kuosmanen, Ilkka Kiema and Terhi Maczulskij

150: Geopolitics is Changing the Global Economy

Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö, Olli-Pekka Kuusela and Tero Kuusi

149: The Future of Work in the Finnish Food Industry: Analysis of the Operating Environment

Martti Kulvik, Birgitta Berg-Andersson, Veera Nippala and Ilkka Kiema

148: The Data Act – Insights into the Affected Markets in Finlands

Heli Koski and Mika Pajarinen

147: Subsidies for Green Transition and Digitalisation in Finland

Otto Kässi

146: Resilience of Companies and Related Factors

Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö, Natalia Kuosmanen, Mika Pajarinen and Ilkka Ylhäinen

145: The Effects of Covid-related Business Subsidies in Finland

Olli Ropponen, Heli Koski, Otto Kässi, Nelli Valmari, Ilkka Ylhäinen and Johannes Hirvonen

144: Agglomeration and Productivity: The Effect of Job-to-job Accessibility on Workers and Establishments

Taina Haapamäki, Oskari Harjunen, Antti Kauhanen, Veeti Kuivalainen, Krista Riukula, Nelli Valmari and Touko Väänänen

143: Mergers and Acquisitions in the Service Sector

Ilkka Ylhäinen and Mika Pajarinen

142: To What Extent Does Finland Engage in International Trade of Services?

Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö and Natalia Kuosmanen

141: Company Size Dynamics and Growth Barriers Among Finnish Companies

Annu Laurikka

140: Green Goods in Finland’s Manufacturing

Natalia Kuosmanen and Mika Pajarinen

139: Labour Productivity and Development of Carbon Competitiveness: Industry-Level Evidence from Europe

Ville Kaitila

138: Finnish Companies in the Vortex of International Tax Reforms

Olli Ropponen, Marika Viertola, Seppo Kari and Tarmo Valkonen

137: Imports of Services and Offshoring

Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö and Natalia Kuosmanen

136: The Number of Employed Immigrants Has Increased in Finland

Aki Kangasharju, Antti Kauhanen, Aino Kalmbach and Tarmo Valkonen

135: Are Global Value Chains Changing?

Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö, Johannes Hirvonen and Mika Pajarinen

134: Efficiency and Well-being at Work – with Knowledge Towards Balanced Work

Tero Kuusi, Martti Kulvik, Mikko Härmä and Annina Ropponen

133: Study on Completing Multiple Higher Education Degrees in Finland

Hanna Virtanen and Pekka Vanhala

132: Immigration and the Adequacy of Labor Force – Evaluation of the Economic Effects

Juha Alho, Aki Kangasharju, Jukka Lassila and Tarmo Valkonen

131: Structural Changes in the Finnish Forest-based Sector, and Market and Employment Impacts in 2040

Birgitta Berg-Andersson, Martti Kulvik, Jussi Lintunen, Janni Kunttu and Timokleia Orfanidou

130: Public Debt and Economic Growth from the Perspective of Private Investment

Päivi Puonti

129: The Life Insurance Gap in Finland

Olli Ropponen, Tero Kuusi and Tarmo Valkonen

128: Revisiting the Economic Impacts of the EU CBAM on Finland and the EU

Ville Kaitila, Olli-Pekka Kuusela, Tero Kuusi, Johanna Pohjola and Sampo Soimakallio

127: Public Debt and Economic Growth

Päivi Puonti

126: Renewal of Companies: Industry Switching as a Form of Structural Change

Natalia Kuosmanen, Timo Kuosmanen, Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö and Mika Pajarinen

125: M&As and Their Economic Effects on Target Companies

Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö, Juri Mattila, Mika Pajarinen and Ilkka Ylhäinen

124: Welfare Traps in Finland

Päivi Puonti, Eija Kauppi, Mauri Kotamäki and Olli Ropponen

123: The Design of R&D Tax Incentive Schemes and Firm Innovation

Heli Koski and Paolo Fornaro

122: Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Finland’s Information Economy Sector: A Supply Chain Perspective

Natalia Kuosmanen, Timo Seppälä and Ilkka Ylhäinen

121: Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Finland’s Information Economy Sector: A Supply Chain Perspective

Natalia Kuosmanen, Timo Seppälä and Ilkka Ylhäinen

120: Keep It Simple, Not Stupid – How to Save the EU Fiscal Framework?

Tero Kuusi and Päivi Puonti

119: Competition, Ageing and Lack of Investment

Aki Kangasharju, Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö, Heli Koski and Tero Kuusi

118: EU’s Fiscal Rules: Keep It Simple, Not Stupid!

Tero Kuusi and Päivi Puonti

117: The Role of Competition in Finland’s Weak Development of R&D Investments in the 2010s

Heli Koski

116: The Role of the Event Industry in the Finnish Economy

Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö and Mika Pajarinen

115: BITs with a Bite? EU Home Investment Effects of EU-China Bilateral Investment Treaties

Tero Kuusi and Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö

114: Technological Change and Employment

Antti Kauhanen

113: Global Supply Chains, Value Added and Production Intensity: Case Semiconductors

Harald Holmström, Martin Kenney and Timo Seppälä

112: The Finnish Forest Industries Up to Year 2025

Birgitta Berg-Andersson, Ville Kaitila, Martti Kulvik and Jussi Lintunen

111: The Costs of Conscription

Ville Kaitila and Niku Määttänen

110: Collective Bargaining Systems: Research Findings and International Comparisons

Antti Kauhanen and Jenni Nevavuo

109: The Role of the Largest Companies in the Finnish Economy

Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö, Ilkka Ylhäinen, Mika Pajarinen and Tero Kuusi

108: Structural Change in the ICT Sector – Where Have Former Nokia Employees Ended up?

Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö, Natalia Kuosmanen and Mika Pajarinen

107: Energy and Electricity Consumption of the Information Economy Sector in Finland

Kari Hiekkanen, Timo Seppälä and Ilkka Ylhäinen