Is there an environmental Kuznets curve for water use? A panel smooth transition regression approach

Rosa Duarte, Vicente Pinilla and Ana Serrano

Documentos de Trabajo from Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de Zaragoza

Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between per capita water use and per capita income for 65 countries over the period 1962-2008 within the framework of the so-called environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Consistent with the existing literature, a polynomial fixed effects model is firstly presented. Then, a logistic Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) is estimated, capturing individual heterogeneity and time variability of income elasticity. This empirical study yields several important findings. The nexus between water withdrawal per person and per capita GDP is non-linear, showing a peculiar U-inverted with a marked downward limb that dominates the nexus regardless the estimation method chosen. On the whole, water use income elasticity clearly decreases throughout the period; nevertheless it exhibits a great variability over the sample, reflecting the divergent patterns of water use depending on the level of income of each country and period.

Keywords: Water use; Panel Smooth Transition Regression model; Environmental Kuznets Curve; nonlinearity; per capita income (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2012-03
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-agr, nep-cfn and nep-env
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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Journal Article: Is there an environmental Kuznets curve for water use? A panel smooth transition regression approach (2013)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:zar:wpaper:dt2012-03

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