Democracy clusters and patterns of inequality: A k-means approach

Klarizze Anne Martin Puzon

No wp-2023-72, WIDER Working Paper Series from World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER)

Abstract: This paper employs k-means clustering, a multidimensional pattern recognition method, to categorize countries using information from five Varieties of Democracy indices. K-means country clusters are similar but not entirely identical to both k-medians clusters and arbitrary groups formed using only one measure, namely the liberal democracy index. Simple correlations with different inequality measures yield varying results. Despite having higher absolute inequality, country clusters with extremely high levels of democracy are characterized by lower relative inequality.

Keywords: Democracy; Inequality; Methodology; Income inequality (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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