Cambios en el comportamiento: apps orientadas a Android 15 o versiones posteriores

Al igual que las versiones anteriores, Android 15 incluye cambios de comportamiento que podrían afectar tu app. Los siguientes cambios de comportamiento se aplican exclusivamente a las apps que son que se orienten a Android 15 o versiones posteriores. Si tu app está orientada a Android 15 o versiones posteriores, debes modificar tu app para que admita correctamente estos comportamientos, que corresponda.

Asegúrate de revisar también la lista de cambios de comportamiento que afectan a todas las apps que se ejecuten en Android 15, independientemente de la targetSdkVersion de tu app.

Funcionalidad principal

Android 15 modifica o expande varias capacidades principales del sistema Android.

Cambios en los servicios en primer plano

We are making the following changes to foreground services with Android 15.

• Data sync foreground service timeout behavior
• New media processing foreground service type
• Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services
• Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

Data sync foreground service timeout behavior

Android 15 introduces a new timeout behavior to dataSync for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35) or higher. This behavior also applies to the new mediaProcessing foreground service type.

The system permits an app's dataSync services to run for a total of 6 hours in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android 15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). When Service.onTimeout() is called, the service is no longer considered a foreground service. If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type dataSync did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

To avoid problems with this behavior change, you can do one or more of the following:

1. Have your service implement the new Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to call stopSelf() within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.)
2. Make sure your app's dataSync services don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer).
3. Only start dataSync foreground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background.
4. Instead of using a dataSync foreground service, use an alternative API.

If your app's dataSync foreground services have run for 6 hours in the last 24, you cannot start another dataSync foreground service unless the user has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you try to start another dataSync foreground service, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service type dataSync".

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable data sync timeouts even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the following adb command:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager data_sync_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

New media processing foreground service type

Android 15 introduces a new foreground service type, mediaProcessing. This service type is appropriate for operations like transcoding media files. For example, a media app might download an audio file and need to convert it to a different format before playing it. You can use a mediaProcessing foreground service to make sure the conversion continues even while the app is in the background.

The system permits an app's mediaProcessing services to run for a total of 6 hours in a 24-hour period, after which the system calls the running service's Service.onTimeout(int, int) method (introduced in Android 15). At this time, the service has a few seconds to call Service.stopSelf(). If the service does not call Service.stopSelf(), the system throws an internal exception. The exception is logged in Logcat with the following message:

Fatal Exception: android.app.RemoteServiceException: "A foreground service of
type mediaProcessing did not stop within its timeout: [component name]"

To avoid having the exception, you can do one of the following:

1. Have your service implement the new Service.onTimeout(int, int) method. When your app receives the callback, make sure to call stopSelf() within a few seconds. (If you don't stop the app right away, the system generates a failure.)
2. Make sure your app's mediaProcessing services don't run for more than a total of 6 hours in any 24-hour period (unless the user interacts with the app, resetting the timer).
3. Only start mediaProcessing foreground services as a result of direct user interaction; since your app is in the foreground when the service starts, your service has the full six hours after the app goes to the background.
4. Instead of using a mediaProcessing foreground service, use an alternative API, like WorkManager.

If your app's mediaProcessing foreground services have run for 6 hours in the last 24, you cannot start another mediaProcessing foreground service unless the user has brought your app to the foreground (which resets the timer). If you try to start another mediaProcessing foreground service, the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException with an error message like "Time limit already exhausted for foreground service type mediaProcessing".

For more information about the mediaProcessing service type, see Changes to foreground service types for Android 15: Media processing.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable media processing timeouts even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable timeouts, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_INTRODUCE_TIME_LIMITS your-package-name

You can also adjust the timeout period, to make it easier to test how your app behaves when the limit is reached. To set a new timeout period, run the following adb command:

adb shell device_config put activity_manager media_processing_fgs_timeout_duration duration-in-milliseconds

Restrictions on BOOT_COMPLETED broadcast receivers launching foreground services

Hay nuevas restricciones para los receptores de emisión de BOOT_COMPLETED que se lanzan servicios en primer plano. Los receptores BOOT_COMPLETED no pueden iniciar los siguientes tipos de servicios en primer plano:

• dataSync
• camera
• mediaPlayback
• phoneCall
• mediaProjection
• microphone (esta restricción se aplicó por microphone desde el Android 14)

Si un receptor BOOT_COMPLETED intenta iniciar cualquiera de esos tipos de primer plano. servicios, el sistema arroja una ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

Prueba

Para probar el comportamiento de tu app, puedes habilitar estas nuevas restricciones, incluso si tu app no está segmentada para Android 15 (siempre que la app se ejecute en un dispositivo con Android 15). Ejecuta el siguiente comando adb:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_BOOT_COMPLETED_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

Para enviar una transmisión de BOOT_COMPLETED sin reiniciar el dispositivo, haz lo siguiente: Ejecuta el siguiente comando adb:

adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED your-package-name

Restrictions on starting foreground services while an app holds the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission

Previously, if an app held the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission, it could launch a foreground service even if the app was currently in the background (as discussed in exemptions from background start restrictions).

If an app targets Android 15, this exemption is now narrower. The app now needs to have the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission and also have a visible overlay window. That is, the app needs to first launch a TYPE_APPLICATION_OVERLAY window and the window needs to be visible before you start a foreground service.

If your app attempts to start a foreground service from the background without meeting these new requirements (and it does not have some other exemption), the system throws ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException.

If your app declares the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission and launches foreground services from the background, it may be affected by this change. If your app gets a ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException, check your app's order of operations and make sure your app already has an active overlay window before it attempts to start a foreground service from the background. You can check if your overlay window is currently visible by calling View.getWindowVisibility(), or you can override View.onWindowVisibilityChanged() to get notified whenever the visibility changes.

Testing

To test your app's behavior, you can enable these new restrictions even if your app is not targeting Android 15 (as long as the app is running on an Android 15 device). To enable these new restrictions on starting foreground services from the background, run the following adb command:

adb shell am compat enable FGS_SAW_RESTRICTIONS your-package-name

Cambios en el momento en que las apps pueden modificar el estado global del modo No interrumpir

Apps that target Android 15 (API level 35) and higher can no longer change the global state or policy of Do Not Disturb (DND) on a device (either by modifying user settings, or turning off DND mode). Instead, apps must contribute an AutomaticZenRule, which the system combines into a global policy with the existing most-restrictive-policy-wins scheme. Calls to existing APIs that previously affected global state (setInterruptionFilter, setNotificationPolicy) result in the creation or update of an implicit AutomaticZenRule, which is toggled on and off depending on the call-cycle of those API calls.

Note that this change only affects observable behavior if the app is calling setInterruptionFilter(INTERRUPTION_FILTER_ALL) and expects that call to deactivate an AutomaticZenRule that was previously activated by their owners.

Cambios en la API de OpenJDK

Android 15 continues the work of refreshing Android's core libraries to align with the features in the latest OpenJDK LTS releases.

Some of these changes can affect app compatibility for apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35):

• Changes to string formatting APIs: Validation of argument index, flags, width, and precision are now more strict when using the following String.format() and Formatter.format() APIs:

  • String.format(String, Object[])
  • String.format(Locale, String, Object[])
  • Formatter.format(String, Object[])
  • Formatter.format(Locale, String, Object[])

  For example, the following exception is thrown when an argument index of 0 is used (%0 in the format string):

  IllegalFormatArgumentIndexException: Illegal format argument index = 0
  

  In this case, the issue can be fixed by using an argument index of 1 (%1 in the format string).

• Changes to component type of Arrays.asList(...).toArray(): When using Arrays.asList(...).toArray(), the component type of the resulting array is now an Object—not the type of the underlying array's elements. So the following code throws a ClassCastException:

  String[] elements = (String[]) Arrays.asList("one", "two").toArray();
  

  For this case, to preserve String as the component type in the resulting array, you could use Collection.toArray(Object[]) instead:

  String[] elements = Arrays.asList("two", "one").toArray(new String[0]);
  

• Changes to language code handling: When using the Locale API, language codes for Hebrew, Yiddish, and Indonesian are no longer converted to their obsolete forms (Hebrew: iw, Yiddish: ji, and Indonesian: in). When specifying the language code for one of these locales, use the codes from ISO 639-1 instead (Hebrew: he, Yiddish: yi, and Indonesian: id).

• Changes to random int sequences: Following the changes made in https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8301574, the following Random.ints() methods now return a different sequence of numbers than the Random.nextInt() methods do:

  • Random.ints(long)
  • Random.ints(long, int, int)
  • Random.ints(int, int)
  • Random.ints()

  Generally, this change shouldn't result in app-breaking behavior, but your code shouldn't expect the sequence generated from Random.ints() methods to match Random.nextInt().

The new SequencedCollection API can affect your app's compatibility after you update compileSdk in your app's build configuration to use Android 15 (API level 35):

• Collision with MutableList.removeFirst() and MutableList.removeLast() extension functions in kotlin-stdlib

  The List type in Java is mapped to the MutableList type in Kotlin. Because the List.removeFirst() and List.removeLast() APIs have been introduced in Android 15 (API level 35), the Kotlin compiler resolves function calls, for example list.removeFirst(), statically to the new List APIs instead of to the extension functions in kotlin-stdlib.

  If an app is re-compiled with compileSdk set to 35 and minSdk set to 34 or lower, and then the app is run on Android 14 and lower, a runtime error is thrown:

  java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No virtual method
  removeFirst()Ljava/lang/Object; in class Ljava/util/ArrayList;
  

  The existing NewApi lint option in Android Gradle Plugin can catch these new API usages.

  ./gradlew lint
  
  MainActivity.kt:41: Error: Call requires API level 35 (current min is 34): java.util.List#removeFirst [NewApi]
        list.removeFirst()
  

  To fix the runtime exception and lint errors, the removeFirst() and removeLast() function calls can be replaced with removeAt(0) and removeAt(list.lastIndex) respectively in Kotlin. If you're using Android Studio Ladybug | 2024.1.3 or higher, it also provides a quick fix option for these errors.

  Consider removing @SuppressLint("NewApi") and lintOptions { disable 'NewApi' } if the lint option has been disabled.

• Collision with other methods in Java

  New methods have been added into the existing types, for example, List and Deque. These new methods might not be compatible with the methods with the same name and argument types in other interfaces and classes. In the case of a method signature collision with incompatibility, the javac compiler outputs a build-time error. For example:

  Example error 1:

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:135: error: removeLast() in MyList cannot implement removeLast() in List
    public void removeLast() {
                ^
    return type void is not compatible with Object
    where E is a type-variable:
      E extends Object declared in interface List
  

  Example error 2:

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:7: error: types Deque<Object> and List<Object> are incompatible;
  public class MyList implements  List<Object>, Deque<Object> {
    both define reversed(), but with unrelated return types
  1 error
  

  Example error 3:

  javac MyList.java
  
  MyList.java:43: error: types List<E#1> and MyInterface<E#2> are incompatible;
  public static class MyList implements List<Object>, MyInterface<Object> {
    class MyList inherits unrelated defaults for getFirst() from types List and MyInterface
    where E#1,E#2 are type-variables:
      E#1 extends Object declared in interface List
      E#2 extends Object declared in interface MyInterface
  1 error
  

  To fix these build errors, the class implementing these interfaces should override the method with a compatible return type. For example:

  @Override
  public Object getFirst() {
      return List.super.getFirst();
  }
  

Seguridad

Android 15 incluye cambios que promueven la seguridad del sistema para ayudar a proteger las apps y usuarios de apps maliciosas.

Lanzamientos seguros de actividades en segundo plano

Android 15 protects users from malicious apps and gives them more control over their devices by adding changes that prevent malicious background apps from bringing other apps to the foreground, elevating their privileges, and abusing user interaction. Background activity launches have been restricted since Android 10 (API level 29).

Block apps that don't match the top UID on the stack from launching activities

Malicious apps can launch another app's activity within the same task, then overlay themselves on top, creating the illusion of being that app. This "task hijacking" attack bypasses current background launch restrictions because it all occurs within the same visible task. To mitigate this risk, Android 15 adds a flag that blocks apps that don't match the top UID on the stack from launching activities. To opt in for all of your app's activities, update the allowCrossUidActivitySwitchFromBelow attribute in your app's AndroidManifest.xml file:

<application android:allowCrossUidActivitySwitchFromBelow="false" >

The new security measures are active if all of the following are true:

• The app performing the launch targets Android 15.
• The app on top of the task stack targets Android 15.
• Any visible activity has opted in to the new protections

If the security measures are enabled, apps might return home, rather than the last visible app, if they finish their own task.

Other changes

In addition to the restriction for UID matching, these other changes are also included:

• Change PendingIntent creators to block background activity launches by default. This helps prevent apps from accidentally creating a PendingIntent that could be abused by malicious actors.
• Don't bring an app to the foreground unless the PendingIntent sender allows it. This change aims to prevent malicious apps from abusing the ability to start activities in the background. By default, apps are not allowed to bring the task stack to the foreground unless the creator allows background activity launch privileges or the sender has background activity launch privileges.
• Control how the top activity of a task stack can finish its task. If the top activity finishes a task, Android will go back to whichever task was last active. Moreover, if a non-top activity finishes its task, Android will go back to the home screen; it won't block the finish of this non-top activity.
• Prevent launching arbitrary activities from other apps into your own task. This change prevents malicious apps from phishing users by creating activities that appear to be from other apps.
• Block non-visible windows from being considered for background activity launches. This helps prevent malicious apps from abusing background activity launches to display unwanted or malicious content to users.

Intents más seguros

Android 15 introduces new optional security measures to make intents safer and more robust. These changes are aimed at preventing potential vulnerabilities and misuse of intents that can be exploited by malicious apps. There are two main improvements to the security of intents in Android 15:

• Match target intent-filters: Intents that target specific components must accurately match the target's intent-filter specifications. If you send an intent to launch another app's activity, the target intent component needs to align with the receiving activity's declared intent-filters.
• Intents must have actions: Intents without an action will no longer match any intent-filters. This means that intents used to start activities or services must have a clearly defined action.

fun onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(VmPolicy.Builder()
        .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
        .build()
    )
}

public void onCreate() {
    StrictMode.setVmPolicy(new VmPolicy.Builder()
            .detectUnsafeIntentLaunch()
            .build());
}

IU del sistema y experiencia del usuario

Android 15 incluye algunos cambios destinados a crear un entorno una experiencia del usuario intuitiva.

Cambios en la inserción de ventana

Hay dos cambios relacionados con las inserciones de ventana en Android 15: de borde a borde se aplica de forma predeterminada, y también hay cambios de configuración, como la configuración predeterminada de las barras del sistema.

Aplicación de borde a borde

Las apps son de borde a borde de forma predeterminada en dispositivos que ejecutan Android 15 si se usan orientadas a Android 15 (nivel de API 35).

Este es un cambio rotundo que podría afectar negativamente la IU de tu app. El afectan las siguientes áreas de la IU:

• Barra de navegación del controlador por gestos
  • Es transparente de forma predeterminada.
  • El desplazamiento inferior está inhabilitado, por lo que el contenido se dibuja detrás de la navegación del sistema. a menos que se apliquen inserciones.
  • setNavigationBarColor y R.attr#navigationBarColor son y no afectan la navegación por gestos.
  • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced y R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced siguen sin tener efecto en navegación por gestos.
• Navegación con 3 botones
  • Opacidad establecida en 80% de forma predeterminada, con color posiblemente coincidente con la ventana en segundo plano.
  • Se inhabilitó el desplazamiento inferior, por lo que el contenido se dibuja detrás de la barra de navegación del sistema a menos que se apliquen inserciones.
  • setNavigationBarColor y R.attr#navigationBarColor son se configura para que coincida con el fondo de la ventana de forma predeterminada. El fondo de la ventana debe ser un elemento de diseño de color para que se aplique este valor predeterminado. Esta API es obsoleta, pero continúa afectando la navegación con 3 botones.
  • setNavigationBarContrastEnforced y R.attr#navigationBarContrastEnforced es verdadero de forma predeterminada, lo que agrega un Fondo opaco del 80% en la navegación con 3 botones.
• Barra de estado
  • Es transparente de forma predeterminada.
  • El desplazamiento superior está inhabilitado, por lo que el contenido se dibuja detrás de la barra de estado, a menos que se aplican las inserciones.
  • setStatusBarColor y R.attr#statusBarColor son obsoleto y no afectan a Android 15.
  • setStatusBarContrastEnforced y R.attr#statusBarContrastEnforced dejaron de estar disponibles, pero aún tienen un el efecto en Android 15.
• Recorte de pantalla
  • El layoutInDisplayCutoutMode de las ventanas no flotantes deben tener LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS SHORT_EDGES, NEVER y DEFAULT se interpretan como ALWAYS, de modo que los usuarios no ven un negro causada por el corte de la pantalla y aparece de borde a borde.

En el siguiente ejemplo, se muestra una app antes y después de la segmentación Android 15 (nivel de API 35), y antes y después de aplicar inserciones.

Qué debes verificar si tu app ya está de borde a borde

Si tu aplicación ya es de borde a borde y aplica inserciones, puedes hacer lo siguiente: en su mayoría no se verán afectados, excepto en los siguientes escenarios. Sin embargo, incluso si piensas no te afectará, te recomendamos que pruebes tu app.

• Tienes una ventana no flotante, como una Activity que usa SHORT_EDGES, NEVER o DEFAULT en lugar de LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS Si tu app falla durante el inicio, esto podría deberse a la pantalla de presentación. Se pueden actualizar los principales Dependencia de splashscreen a 1.2.0-alpha01 o posterior, o configura window.attributes.layoutInDisplayCutoutMode = WindowManager.LayoutInDisplayCutoutMode.always.
• Es posible que haya pantallas con poco tráfico con una IU oculta. Verificar estas opciones las pantallas menos visitadas no tienen una IU oculta. Las pantallas con poco tráfico incluyen:
  • Pantallas de incorporación o acceso
  • Páginas de configuración

Qué debes verificar si tu app aún no está de borde a borde

Si tu app aún no está de borde a borde, lo más probable es que te veas afectado. En además de los casos de apps que ya están de borde a borde, considera lo siguiente:

• Si tu app usa componentes de Material 3 ( androidx.compose.material3) en Compose, como TopAppBar, BottomAppBar y NavigationBar, es probable que estos componentes no porque manejan automáticamente las inserciones.
• Si tu app usa componentes de Material 2 ( androidx.compose.material) en Compose, estos componentes no controlan automáticamente las inserciones. Sin embargo, puedes acceder a las inserciones y aplicarlos manualmente. En androidx.compose.material 1.6.0 y, luego, usa el parámetro windowInsets para aplicar las inserciones de forma manual BottomAppBar, TopAppBar BottomNavigation y NavigationRail. Del mismo modo, usa el parámetro contentWindowInsets para Scaffold
• Si tu app usa vistas y componentes de Material (com.google.android.material), la mayoría de las vistas de Material basadas en vistas Componentes como BottomNavigationView, BottomAppBar, NavigationRailView o NavigationView controlan las inserciones y no requieren trabajo adicional. Sin embargo, debes agregar android:fitsSystemWindows="true" si usas AppBarLayout.
• En el caso de los elementos componibles personalizados, aplica las inserciones de forma manual como padding. Si el contenido dentro de un Scaffold, puedes consumir inserciones con el Scaffold valores de padding. De lo contrario, aplica el padding con uno de los WindowInsets
• Si tu app usa vistas y BottomSheet, SideSheet o personalizados contenedores, aplica el relleno con ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener Para RecyclerView, aplica padding con este objeto de escucha y agrega clipToPadding="false"

Qué verifica si tu app debe ofrecer protección personalizada de fondo

Si tu app debe ofrecer protección personalizada en segundo plano para la navegación con 3 botones o la barra de estado, tu app debe colocar un elemento componible o una vista detrás de la barra del sistema usando WindowInsets.Type#tappableElement() para obtener el botón de 3 altura de la barra de navegación o WindowInsets.Type#statusBars

Recursos adicionales de borde a borde

Consulta Vistas de borde a borde y Redacción de borde a borde. para obtener información adicional sobre la aplicación de inserciones.

APIs obsoletas

Las siguientes APIs dejaron de estar disponibles:

• R.attr#enforceStatusBarContrast
• R.attr#navigationBarColor
• R.attr#navigationBarDividerColor
• R.attr#statusBarColor
• Window#getNavigationBarColor
• Window#getNavigationBarDividerColor
• Window#getStatusBarColor
• Window#isStatusBarContrastEnforced
• Window#setDecorFitsSystemWindows
• Window#setNavigationBarColor
• Window#setNavigationBarDividerColor
• Window#setStatusBarColor
• Window#setStatusBarContrastEnforced

Configuración estable

Si tu app se orienta a Android 15 (nivel de API 35) o versiones posteriores, Configuration no excluye las barras del sistema. Si utilizas el tamaño de la pantalla Configuration para el cálculo de diseño, debes reemplazarla por una alternativas como un ViewGroup, WindowInsets o WindowMetricsCalculator según tus necesidades.

Configuration está disponible desde la API 1. Por lo general, se obtienen de Activity.onConfigurationChanged Proporciona información como la densidad de la ventana, la orientación y los tamaños. Una característica importante de los tamaños de ventana que muestra Configuration es que antes excluía las barras del sistema.

Por lo general, el tamaño de la configuración se usa para seleccionar recursos, como /res/layout-h500dp, y este sigue siendo un caso de uso válido. Sin embargo, usarlo para el cálculo de diseño siempre se desaconsejó. Si lo haces, deberías ahora. Debes reemplazar el uso de Configuration por algo. sean más adecuados según tu caso de uso.

Si lo usas para calcular el diseño, utiliza un ViewGroup adecuado, como CoordinatorLayout o ConstraintLayout. Si lo usas para determinar la altura de la barra de navegación del sistema, usa WindowInsets. Si quieres saber el tamaño actual de la ventana de tu app, usa computeCurrentWindowMetrics.

En la siguiente lista, se describen los campos que se verán afectados por este cambio:

• Ya no se muestran los tamaños de Configuration.screenWidthDp y screenHeightDp excluir las barras del sistema.
• Configuration.smallestScreenWidthDp se ve afectado indirectamente por los cambios a screenWidthDp y screenHeightDp.
• Configuration.orientation se ve afectado indirectamente por los cambios en screenWidthDp y screenHeightDp en dispositivos cercanos al cuadrado.
• Display.getSize(Point) se ve afectado indirectamente por los cambios en Configuration Esto dejó de estar disponible a partir del nivel de API 30.
• Display.getMetrics() ya funciona de esta manera desde el nivel de API 33.

El atributo eleganteTextHeight se establece en verdadero de forma predeterminada

For apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35), the elegantTextHeight TextView attribute becomes true by default, replacing the compact font used by default with some scripts that have large vertical metrics with one that is much more readable. The compact font was introduced to prevent breaking layouts; Android 13 (API level 33) prevents many of these breakages by allowing the text layout to stretch the vertical height utilizing the fallbackLineSpacing attribute.

In Android 15, the compact font still remains in the system, so your app can set elegantTextHeight to false to get the same behavior as before, but it is unlikely to be supported in upcoming releases. So, if your app supports the following scripts: Arabic, Lao, Myanmar, Tamil, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Telugu or Thai, test your app by setting elegantTextHeight to true.

Cambios de ancho de TextView para formas de letras complejas

In previous versions of Android, some cursive fonts or languages that have complex shaping might draw the letters in the previous or next character's area. In some cases, such letters were clipped at the beginning or ending position. Starting in Android 15, a TextView allocates width for drawing enough space for such letters and allows apps to request extra paddings to the left to prevent clipping.

Because this change affects how a TextView decides the width, TextView allocates more width by default if the app targets Android 15 (API level 35) or higher. You can enable or disable this behavior by calling the setUseBoundsForWidth API on TextView.

Because adding left padding might cause a misalignment for existing layouts, the padding is not added by default even for apps that target Android 15 or higher. However, you can add extra padding to preventing clipping by calling setShiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang.

The following examples show how these changes can improve text layout for some fonts and languages.

Standard layout for English text in a cursive font. Some of the letters are clipped. Here is the corresponding XML:

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java" />

Layout for the same English text with additional width and padding. Here is the corresponding XML:

<TextView
    android:fontFamily="cursive"
    android:text="java"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

Standard layout for Thai text. Some of the letters are clipped. Here is the corresponding XML:

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์" />

Layout for the same Thai text with additional width and padding. Here is the corresponding XML:

<TextView
    android:text="คอมพิวเตอร์"
    android:useBoundsForWidth="true"
    android:shiftDrawingOffsetForStartOverhang="true" />

Altura de línea predeterminada de la configuración regional para EditText

In previous versions of Android, the text layout stretched the height of the text to meet the line height of the font that matched the current locale. For example, if the content was in Japanese, because the line height of the Japanese font is slightly larger than the one of a Latin font, the height of the text became slightly larger. However, despite these differences in line heights, the EditText element was sized uniformly, regardless of the locale being used, as illustrated in the following image:

For apps targeting Android 15 (API level 35), a minimum line height is now reserved for EditText to match the reference font for the specified Locale, as shown in the following image:

If needed, your app can restore the previous behavior by specifying the useLocalePreferredLineHeightForMinimum attribute to false, and your app can set custom minimum vertical metrics using the setMinimumFontMetrics API in Kotlin and Java.

Cámara y contenido multimedia

En Android 15, se realizan los siguientes cambios en el comportamiento de la cámara y del contenido multimedia para las apps que se orienten a Android 15 o versiones posteriores.

Restricciones para solicitar foco de audio

Las apps orientadas a Android 15 deben ser la app principal o que ejecuten un servicio en primer plano para solicitar foco de audio. Si una app intenta solicitar el foco cuando no cumple con uno de estos requisitos, la llamada mostrará AUDIOFOCUS_REQUEST_FAILED.

Puedes obtener más información sobre el foco de audio en Cómo administrar el foco de audio.

Actualización de restricciones que no pertenecen al SDK

Android 15 includes updated lists of restricted non-SDK interfaces based on collaboration with Android developers and the latest internal testing. Whenever possible, we make sure that public alternatives are available before we restrict non-SDK interfaces.

If your app does not target Android 15, some of these changes might not immediately affect you. However, while it's possible for your app to access some non-SDK interfaces depending on your app's target API level, using any non-SDK method or field always carries a high risk of breaking your app.

If you are unsure if your app uses non-SDK interfaces, you can test your app to find out. If your app relies on non-SDK interfaces, you should begin planning a migration to SDK alternatives. Nevertheless, we understand that some apps have valid use cases for using non-SDK interfaces. If you can't find an alternative to using a non-SDK interface for a feature in your app, you should request a new public API.

Para obtener más información sobre los cambios implementados en esta versión de Android, consulta Actualizaciones a las restricciones de interfaces que no pertenecen al SDK en Android 15. Para obtener más información sobre interfaces que no pertenecen al SDK en general, consulta Restricciones en interfaces que no pertenecen al SDK.