tl;dr I made this article with HTML and use it to explain DOM, window, document and how to manipulate/interface with those things with JavaScript.

EDIT: The article is unpolished. If anything is unclear or you have feedback, please leave a comment or say something on to me on Twitter

What is the DOM?

Let's dig a little into grabbing a specific Element and utilizing some Node and Element methods. Alright, let's get back into the console, this time we will be assigning a variable to a specific element. const ele = document.getElementById('dom-abbr-id') don't worry I added an id to this article 😆 (don't leave console). Hmmm, What can we do with this 🤔... Well, anything really but for starters let us take a look at moving around a bit. Still in the console ele.previousSibling oh Snap! we got "The" but that's not an element, no but let's find out what the "previousSiblingElement" is for our little experiment. el.previousElementSibling Oh, Interesting! what happen this time, since we were getting an element sibling, it ended up being the `h1` which in my HTML is the `h1` tag containing the header right before the DOM abbreviation element. We will talk more about what we can do with these elements once we get them.

Children & Siblings

• First Item
• Second Item
• Third Item

alright, now we have the list... I think we can try some new document methods. So in the console we are going to type

// This gets ul element we want in this
// document I added the id
const ul = document.getElementById('ul-test') 
// Let's see what children of this element are? 
ul.childElementCount // 3
// Whoa we have three things in the list!
// The children are the elements in ul element... 
// I wonder if we can get another HTMLCollection! 
ul.children // HTMLCollection(3) [li, li, li]

I wonder what siblings of this ul element would look like?

// Next we can get the next Element from `ul`
ul.nextElementSibling 
\<p> 
"alright, now we have the list... 
I think we can try some new document methods. 
So in the console, we are going to type" 
</p>\

Awesome it looks like the sibling element that was next was the following sentence after the ul element! So cool! 😎 So it must be on the Element API of the document.
So there is still the none element sibling, let's go ahead and see what that is now. This one should behave differently since it is on the Node API, what will be getting next? 😆

ul.nextSibling
// #text
ul.nextSibling.nextSibling 
// This will also return that next paragraph Element!
// To see kind of an overview of all the Nodes on ul let's use
// the Node interface for childNodes
el.childNodes // NodeList(7) [text, li, text, li, text, li, text] 

So what is that #text node? Well, I couldn't think of a better way to explain it then how MDN already has...
"In the above example, #text nodes are inserted in the DOM where whitespace occurs between tags (i.e. after the closing tag of an element and before the opening tag of the next)." - MDN

Using Nodes & Elements

// Run this in console on this page 🤩
function modifyDOM() {
const code = document.getElementsByTagName('code')
const elms = document.getElementsByTagName('*')

for(ele of code) {
ele.remove()
 }

for(ele of elms) {
if(ele.tagName === 'PRE') {
const newEle = document.createElement('p');
newEle.innerHTML = '<b>HELLO WORLD!!!!!</b>';
ele.parentNode.replaceChild(newEle, ele);
  }

 }
document.body.innerHTML = document.body.innerHTML.replace(/nodes/g, '<b>REPLACED NODES</b>');
document.body.innerHTML = document.body.innerHTML.replace(/example/g, '<b>REPLACED EXAMPLE</b>');
}
// Then invoke the function in console and watch the page change 🥳
modifyDOM()

Don't worry all the changes are temporary all you need to do, to undo them is refresh the page 😅