„Patapsco River“ – Versionsunterschied
| [ungesichtete Version] | [ungesichtete Version] |
Keine Bearbeitungszusammenfassung |
|||
| Zeile 86: | Zeile 86: | ||
[[John Smith of Jamestown|John Smith]] was the first European to explore the river noting it on his 1612 map as the Bolus River. The "Red river", was named after the clay color, and is considered the "old Bolus", as other branches were also labelled Bolus on maps.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Chronicles of Baltimore: Being a Complete History of Baltimore Town |author=John Thomas Scharf|page=8}}</ref> As the river was not navigable beyond Elkridge, it was not a major path of commerce with only one ship listed as serving the northern branch, and four others operating around the mouth in 1723.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Chronicles of Baltimore: Being a Complete History of Baltimore Town |author=John Thomas Scharf|page=18}}</ref> The Patapsco valley was used as the route of the [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]]'s [[Old Main Line Subdivision|original main line]] west constructed from 1829 onwards, and this route remains, though much altered. Many old railroad bridges were constructed in the valley, most notably the [[Thomas Viaduct]] and the [[Patterson Viaduct]], of which ruins remain. Flour mills and a [[Bloede dam|hydropower dam]] were formerly powered by the river. |
[[John Smith of Jamestown|John Smith]] was the first European to explore the river noting it on his 1612 map as the Bolus River. The "Red river", was named after the clay color, and is considered the "old Bolus", as other branches were also labelled Bolus on maps.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Chronicles of Baltimore: Being a Complete History of Baltimore Town |author=John Thomas Scharf|page=8}}</ref> As the river was not navigable beyond Elkridge, it was not a major path of commerce with only one ship listed as serving the northern branch, and four others operating around the mouth in 1723.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Chronicles of Baltimore: Being a Complete History of Baltimore Town |author=John Thomas Scharf|page=18}}</ref> The Patapsco valley was used as the route of the [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]]'s [[Old Main Line Subdivision|original main line]] west constructed from 1829 onwards, and this route remains, though much altered. Many old railroad bridges were constructed in the valley, most notably the [[Thomas Viaduct]] and the [[Patterson Viaduct]], of which ruins remain. Flour mills and a [[Bloede dam|hydropower dam]] were formerly powered by the river. |
||
The valley is prone to flooding, though at long intervals. Modern floods include the 1868 a flood washed away 14 houses killing 39 around Ellicott City, A 1923 flood topped bridges, in 1952 an eight-foot wall of water swept the shops of Ellicott City and a 1956 flood inflicted heavy damage at the [[Thistle Manufacturing Company|Bartigis Brothers plant]].<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Times (Ellicott City)|date=31 March 1965|title=The Patapsco River Creator-Destroyer}}</ref> In 1972 as a result of rainfall from the remnants of [[Hurricane Agnes]], in which Ellicott City and the Old Main Line sustained serious damage. |
The valley is prone to flooding, though at long intervals. Modern floods include the 1868 a flood washed away 14 houses killing 39 around Ellicott City, A 1923 flood topped bridges, in 1952 an eight-foot wall of water swept the shops of Ellicott City and a 1956 flood inflicted heavy damage at the [[Thistle Manufacturing Company|Bartigis Brothers plant]].<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Times (Ellicott City)|date=31 March 1965|title=The Patapsco River Creator-Destroyer}}</ref> In 1972 as a result of rainfall from the remnants of [[Hurricane Agnes]], in which Ellicott City and the Old Main Line sustained serious damage. [[2016 Maryland flood|Another historic flood]] ravaged Main Street leaving two dead in July 2016, followed just two years later by yet another flash flood May 27, 2018, taking the life of one rescuer.<ref>https://www.11alive.com/amp/article?section=weather&headline=devastating-dangerous-ellicott-citys-main-street-hit-with-flooding-again&contentId=65-558994116</ref> |
||
The mouth of the Patapsco River forms Baltimore harbor, the site of the [[Battle of Baltimore]] during the [[War of 1812]]. This is where [[Francis Scott Key]], while aboard a British ship, wrote "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]," a poem later set to music as the national anthem of the United States. Today, a red, white, and blue buoy marks the spot where the [[HMS Tonnant (1798)|HMS ''Tonnant'']] was anchored. |
The mouth of the Patapsco River forms Baltimore harbor, the site of the [[Battle of Baltimore]] during the [[War of 1812]]. This is where [[Francis Scott Key]], while aboard a British ship, wrote "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]," a poem later set to music as the national anthem of the United States. Today, a red, white, and blue buoy marks the spot where the [[HMS Tonnant (1798)|HMS ''Tonnant'']] was anchored. |
||
Version vom 29. Mai 2018, 20:55 Uhr
Vorlage:Refimprove Vorlage:Geobox The Patapsco River is a Vorlage:Convert[1] river in central Maryland which flows into the Chesapeake Bay. The river's tidal portion forms the harbor for the city of Baltimore. With its South Branch, the Patapsco forms the northern border of Howard County, Maryland. The name "Patapsco" is derived from the Algonquian pota-psk-ut, which translates to "backwater" or "tide covered with froth."[2]
Geography
The Patapsco proper begins at the confluence of the North and South Branches, near Marriottsville, approximately Vorlage:Convert west of downtown Baltimore. The Vorlage:Convert[1] South Branch rises further west at Parrs Spring, where Howard County, Carroll, Frederick, and Montgomery counties meet. The North Branch flows Vorlage:Convert[1] southward from its origins in Carroll County. Through most of its length, the Patapsco is a minor river, flowing for the most part through a narrow valley. The last Vorlage:Convert, however, form a large tidal estuary inlet of Chesapeake Bay. The inner part of this estuary provides the harbor of Baltimore, composed of the Northwest Harbor and the Middle Branch including Thoms Cove. (See Baltimore Inner Harbor.) The Patapsco estuary is south of the Back River and north of the Magothy River.
The Patapsco has a watershed area (including the water surface) of Vorlage:Convert, or Vorlage:Convert of land. Thus, its total watershed area is 7% water.Vorlage:Citation needed
Patapsco Valley State Park is adjacent to Vorlage:Convert of the Patapsco and its branches, encompassing a total of Vorlage:Convert in five different areas. The river cuts a gorge 100–200 feet (35–70 m) deep within the park, which features rocky cliffs and tributary waterfalls.
Liberty Dam and its reservoir, located on the North Branch, is a major component of the Baltimore city water system.[3] Besides Baltimore, the river also flows through Ellicott City (the county seat of Howard County) and Elkridge.
History
John Smith was the first European to explore the river noting it on his 1612 map as the Bolus River. The "Red river", was named after the clay color, and is considered the "old Bolus", as other branches were also labelled Bolus on maps.[4] As the river was not navigable beyond Elkridge, it was not a major path of commerce with only one ship listed as serving the northern branch, and four others operating around the mouth in 1723.[5] The Patapsco valley was used as the route of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's original main line west constructed from 1829 onwards, and this route remains, though much altered. Many old railroad bridges were constructed in the valley, most notably the Thomas Viaduct and the Patterson Viaduct, of which ruins remain. Flour mills and a hydropower dam were formerly powered by the river.
The valley is prone to flooding, though at long intervals. Modern floods include the 1868 a flood washed away 14 houses killing 39 around Ellicott City, A 1923 flood topped bridges, in 1952 an eight-foot wall of water swept the shops of Ellicott City and a 1956 flood inflicted heavy damage at the Bartigis Brothers plant.[6] In 1972 as a result of rainfall from the remnants of Hurricane Agnes, in which Ellicott City and the Old Main Line sustained serious damage. Another historic flood ravaged Main Street leaving two dead in July 2016, followed just two years later by yet another flash flood May 27, 2018, taking the life of one rescuer.[7]
The mouth of the Patapsco River forms Baltimore harbor, the site of the Battle of Baltimore during the War of 1812. This is where Francis Scott Key, while aboard a British ship, wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner," a poem later set to music as the national anthem of the United States. Today, a red, white, and blue buoy marks the spot where the HMS Tonnant was anchored.
Tributaries
- Deep Run (Carroll County)
- Board Run (Baltimore County)
- Roaring Run (Carroll County)
- Liberty Reservoir (Carroll/Baltimore Counties)
- Keysers Run (Baltimore County)
- Beaver Run (Carroll County)
- Norris Run (Baltimore County)
- Timber Run (Baltimore County)
- Middle Run (Carroll County)
- Morgan Run (Carroll County)
- Locust Run (Baltimore County)
- Snowdens Run (Carroll County)
- Falls Run (Baltimore County)
- South Branch Patapsco River
- Davis Branch (Howard County)
- Brice Run (Baltimore County)
- Bens Run (Baltimore County)
- Cedar Branch (Baltimore County)
- Miller Run (Baltimore County)
- Sucker Branch (Howard County)
- Tiber River (Howard County)
- Cooper Branch (Baltimore County)
- Bonnie Branch (Howard County)
- Cascade Falls (Howard County)
- Soapstone Branch (Baltimore County)
- Rockburn Branch (Howard County)
- Deep Run (Howard/Anne Arundel County)
- Stony Run (Anne Arundel County)
- Herbert Run (Baltimore County)
- Holly Creek (Anne Arundel County)
- Middle Branch to Gwynns Falls (Baltimore City)
- Northwest Harbor to Jones Falls (Baltimore City)
- Colgate Creek (Baltimore City)
- Curtis Creek (Baltimore City)
- Bear Creek (Baltimore County)
- Cox Creek (Anne Arundel County)
- Stoney Creek (Anne Arundel County)
- Rock Creek (Anne Arundel County)
- Old Road Bay (Baltimore County)
- Bodkin Creek (Anne Arundel County)
Water quality
The eastern portion of the Patapsco River is in a highly urbanized area and is subject to extensive stormwater runoff and other forms of water pollution. The Maryland Department of the Environment has identified the Lower North Branch as containing high levels of heavy metals (chromium, arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead, selenium, and zinc), as well as phosphorus, fecal coliform bacteria, and PCBs.[8]
Clean-up efforts by the residents of surrounding communities have been led by environmental nonprofit organizations, such as The Friends of Patapsco Valley & Heritage Greenway, Inc. (PHG). From 2006 to 2012, PHG volunteers participated in 183 stream clean ups, removing 264 tons of trash from the streams of the Patapsco Valley watershed.[9]
Recreation
Teenagers enjoy swimming in areas of the Patapsco River, typically including rope swings, inner tubing, and wading. The river also serves as a venue for rafting.
Bridges
See also
- List of Maryland rivers
- List of parks in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area
- Liberty Reservoir
References
Vorlage:Reflist Vorlage:Refbegin
- Chesapeake Bay Program Watershed Profile: Patapsco/Back River (Seite nicht mehr abrufbar, festgestellt im Januar 2010.)
- Patapsco Valley State Park
- Vorlage:GNIS
External links
- Maryland DNR's Surf Your Watershed: Patapsco/Back River
- Maryland Port Administration
- Blue Water Baltimore, formed in 2010 from a merger of the Gwynns Falls, Jones Falls, Herring Run, and Baltimore Harbor Watershed associations, and the Baltimore Harbor Waterkeeper
- Patapsco Heritage Greenway
- Patapsco River Rock Building
Vorlage:Maryland waters Vorlage:Patapsco Valley
- ↑ a b c U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map webcitation.org Fehler bei Vorlage * Parametername unbekannt (Vorlage:Webarchiv): "date" Fehler bei Vorlage:Webarchiv: Genau einer der Parameter 'wayback', 'webciteID', 'archive-today', 'archive-is' oder 'archiv-url' muss angegeben werden., accessed April 1, 2011
- ↑ Ghosts of industrial heyday still haunt Baltimore’s harbor, creeks. Chesapeake Bay Journal, abgerufen am 8. September 2012.
- ↑ Baltimore County Department of Environmental Protection and Resource Management. Towson, MD. "Patapsco River Watershed." 2009-07-13.
- ↑ John Thomas Scharf: The Chronicles of Baltimore: Being a Complete History of Baltimore Town. S. 8.
- ↑ John Thomas Scharf: The Chronicles of Baltimore: Being a Complete History of Baltimore Town. S. 18.
- ↑ The Patapsco River Creator-Destroyer, 31 March 1965
- ↑ https://www.11alive.com/amp/article?section=weather&headline=devastating-dangerous-ellicott-citys-main-street-hit-with-flooding-again&contentId=65-558994116
- ↑ Maryland Department of the Environment. Baltimore, MD (2009). "Notice of Intent to Establish Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) of Sediment: Patapsco River Lower North Branch Watershed." (Seite nicht mehr abrufbar, festgestellt im Juni 2016.)
- ↑ Protecting the Valley. Friends of Patapsco Valley & Heritage Greenway, Inc., abgerufen am 24. Mai 2012.