Dagaare
- A bie ama boɔloo ane lɛ anaŋ naŋ voonoo: ⟨à è ɛ̀ ì ɩ̀ ò ɔ̀ ù ʋ̀⟩ ;
- A bie naŋ maŋ sagra kpeɛŋaa: ⟨á é ɛ́ í ɩ́ ó ɔ́ ú ʋ́⟩ ;
- Anaŋ meŋ naŋ sagra a zele soga poɔŋ:[a].
Nyɔ-eremɛ ne nyɔ-eɛroŋ sɛgebinyaane bee voonebinyaane.
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]- Nyɔ-erɛmɛ sɛgebinyaŋene; ana la sɛgebie na a boɔloo saŋa a nɔpoɔ nandaare mine naŋ maŋ tage laŋ, a pigi noɔre pɛnnoŋ tuyiibu foɔlaa, ka a pɛnnoo wa fãã kyɛ leɛ te tu a nyɔbogoŋ yi. A nyɔbogo tuyiibu la maŋ wane a nyɔ-ɛremɛ voonoo. Ka ana la: {m, n ane ŋ}. A zaaŋ voona
- Nyɔ-eɛroŋ sɛgebinyaŋene; a nyɔ-eremɛ bondemannewulaa ŋa (~) la maŋ wuli sɛgebinyaŋaa nyɔ-eɛroŋ Dagaareŋ, ka onaŋ wa do dɔgle sɛgebinyaŋaa zusoga aseŋ {ã, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũ, ɛ̃,} ane a mine wuli ka ana sɛgebinyaŋaa na erɛ la nyoore. Aseŋ yelbie poɔ; kãã, kõɔ, pãã ane amine.
Kyɛlle kyɛ
Ka sɛgebinyaŋaa wa are tu nyɔ-eremɛ sɛgebidaa, o maŋ ferɛ la a sɛgebinyaŋaa ka o meŋ ferɛ erɛ nyoore, a lɛ na a ba maŋ la maale ka fo de a nyɔ-eremɛ bondemannewulaa na dɔgle a sɛgebinyaŋaa zu na wuli o nyɔ-eɛroŋ.
| Uppercase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | D | E | Ɛ | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | Ŋ | O | Ɔ | P | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Z | |||||||||||||
| Lowercase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | b | d | e | ɛ | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | ŋ | o | ɔ | p | r | s | t | u | v | w | y | z | |||||||||||||
Voonebie Tutaaloŋ "Phonology"
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]Voonebidaare ane Voonebinyaane naŋ naŋ voono a Dagaare Kɔkɔreŋ poɔŋ.
Voonebinyaane "Vowels"
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]| Niŋe | Soga | puoriŋ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Near-close | ɪ | ʊ | |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio-<br id="mwAWE"><br>velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | t͡ɕ | k | k͡p | ʔ |
| voiced | b | d | d͡ʑ | ɡ | ɡ͡b | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | h | |||
| voiced | v | z | |||||
| glottalized | ˀh | ||||||
| Nasal | plain | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋ͡m | |
| glottalized | ˀm | ||||||
| Lateral | plain | l | |||||
| glottalized | ˀl | ||||||
| Approximant | j | w | |||||
Allophones of /d, ɡ/ include [r, ɣ~ɡ̆].
Kɔkɔre Merɛ
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]Voonoo"Tone"
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]Dagaare eɛ kɔkɔre maŋ e bone bee Kɔkɔre naŋ voona ka yelbo poɔ pãã la, gbɛɛ yaga yaga o maŋ sagra la kpeɛŋaa. A Kɔkɔre taa la merɛ; anaŋ la a Kɔkɔre sɛgebo merɛŋ ane a begɛ.
Yelbie Maaloŋ Tɔna
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]Bà
Kɔkɔre Begɛ bee Merɛ
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]
Yuori Yelbie zagere
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]| Yuori Yelbie Gaŋgyereŋ | Singular Form | Noun Stem | Plural Form |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class I | [-Vocal] | [-bɔ'] | |
| (+human cl.) | pɔ'ɤɔ' ('woman') | pɔ'g- | pɔ'ɤíbɔ' ('women') |
| Class II | [-Vocal] | [-rí] | |
| IIa | [-é] | [-rí] | |
| bìé ('child') | bì- | bíírí ('children') | |
| IIb | [-ó] | [-rí] | |
| dùó ('pig') | dò- | dòrí ('pigs') | |
| IIc | [-í] | [-rí] | |
| síɤí ('hut') | síg- | síɤrí ('huts') | |
| Class III | [-í] | [-Vocal] | |
| IIIa | [-í] | [-é] | |
| gyìlí ('xylophone') | gyìl- | gyìlé ('xylophones') | |
| IIIb | [-í] | [-ɔ'] | |
| pɔ'lí ('path') | pɔ'- | pɔ'lɔ' ('paths') | |
| IIIc | [-í] | [-á] | |
| váálí ('rubbish') | váál- | váálá ('rubbish') | |
| Class IV | [-rʊʊ] | [-rì] | |
| pírʊʊ ('sheep') | pí- | píírì ('sheep') | |
| Class V | [-∅] | [-rí] | |
| túú ('forest') | tùù- | túúrí ('forest') | |
| Class VI | [-rì] | [-Vocal] | |
| VIa | [-rì] | [-è] | |
| bírì ('seed') | bí- | bíè ('seeds') | |
| VIb | [-rí] | [-ó] | |
| tóórí ('ear') | tóó- | tòbó ('ears') | |
| VIc | [-rí] | [-á] | |
| yàgrí ('cheek') | yàg- | yàɤá ('cheeks') | |
| Class VII | Nasal+Vocal | Nasal+Vocal | |
| VIIa | [-ní] | [-mà] | |
| gání ('book') | gán- | gámà ('books') | |
| VIIb | [-mʊ] | [-má] | |
| táamʊ ('bow') | tàn- | támá ('bows') | |
| VIIc | [-ŋé] | [-ní] | |
| bìŋé ('pen') | bìŋ- | bìnní ('pens') | |
| VIId | [-ŋó] | [-ní] | |
| bòŋó ('donkey') | bòŋ- | bònní ('donkeys') | |
| VIIe | [-∅] | [-nɛɛ] | |
| -count plurals | dɑ̃ɑ̃' ('pito') | dɑ̃ɑ̃'- | dɑ̃ɑ̃'nɛɛ ('pito') |
| Class VIII | [-áá] | [-í] | |
| gbíŋgbíláá ('drying spot') | gbígbíl- | gbíŋgbíllí ('drying spots') | |
| Class IX | [-ù] | (no plural) | |
| (derived n.) | Dúóù ('climbing') | dó- | |
| Class X | (no singular) | [-úŋ] | |
| bùùl- | búúlúŋ ('porridge') |
Yo-leɛrɛ
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]Yo-leɛrɛ
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]Dagaare, yo-leɛrɛ yelbie maŋ eɛ yelbie baŋ na maŋ are ko yuori yelbie poɔ, a meŋ maŋ wulo tɛɛtɛɛloŋ nensaalba poɔŋ.
| Subject (Nom) | Object (Acc) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Weak Form | Strong Form | ||
| (human) | |||
| 1st SG | n | maa | ma |
| 2nd SG | fo | foo | fo |
| 3rd SG | o | onɔ | o |
| 1st PL | te | tenee | te |
| 2nd PL | yɛ | yɛnee | yɛ |
| 3rd PL | ba | bana | ba |
| (non-human) | |||
| 3rd PL | a | ana | a |
Yo-leɛre Saane
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]A meŋ maŋ wuli la yelluŋ bee yelbie aŋa meŋɛ bee meŋɛ tɔr yelyenaa meŋ e menne bee menne tɔr meŋ wulo yagroŋ.
| Weak reflexive pronouns | Strong reflexive pronouns |
|---|---|
| n mengɛ (tɔr) ('myself') | maa mengɛ ('me, myself') |
| fo mengɛ (tɔr) ('yourself') | foo mengɛ ('you, yourself') |
| o mengɛ (tɔr) ('him-/herself') | onɔ mengɛ ('s/he, him-/herself') |
| te menne (tɔr) ('ourselves') | tenee menne ('we, ourselves') |
| yɛ menne (tɔr) ('yourselves') | yɛnee menne ('you, yourselves') |
| ba menne (tɔr) ('themselves') | bana menne ('they, themselves') |
| a menne (tɔr) ('themselves', non-human) | ana menne ('they, themselves', non-human) |
De-koobu Yo-leɛre
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]Dagaare, te seŋ tɔ, tɔ soba, taa ane taaba.
Sooroo yo-leɛre
[maaleŋ | Maale eŋ yizie]| Dagaare | Bɔrefɔ |
|---|---|
| bong, boluu | what |
| boo | which one, which of them |
| baboo, babobo | which of them (human) |
| aboo, abobo | which of them (non-human) |
| ang | who (human, singular) |
| ang mine | who (human, plural) |