This question is very broad. However, these two could be of use to you:

• BenfordDistribution: This distribution helped uncover ENRON. Also useful is the second digit distribution, but it is not built-in.
• FindAnomalies

Here is the basic idea of the coin-toss run length detection. (Small value indicates fake coin-toss data)...

In[9]:= rTest[{}] := 1;
rTest[{_}] := 0;
rTest[runs_] := DistributionFitTest[runs - 1, GeometricDistribution[1/2]];

In[16]:= fakeData = {"h", "t", "h", "t", "h", "t", "h", "t", "h", "t",  "h", "t", "h", "t", "h", "t", "h", "t", "h", "t", "h", "t", "h", "t", "h", "t", "h", "t", "h", "t"};

In[20]:= rTest[Length /@ Split[fakeData]]

Out[20]= 3.4191*10^-6

In[18]:= realData = RandomChoice[{"h", "t"}, 30];

In[21]:= rTest[Length /@ Split[realData]]

Out[21]= 0.861536

But since I wrote that example, we have added https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnomalyDetection.html to the language, which is simpler, and richer, so check that out too.

My first idea that it comes to my mind is that the use of image processing and binarization will be a excellent tool to detect forgeries. For example, to be able to detect patterns not visible to a naked eye or just go undetected. This will very easily allow authentication of the physical document. Another case in detection of unusual transaction and patters in the transaction against historical data.. etc.. Hope this laid down productive ideas for your application.

Perhaps this is an overly broad question... ;-) Broadly interpreted you are asking if one can implement various fraud prevention algorithms in Mathematica. The answer is certainly, again broadly, yes.

So, one can implement encryption algorithms in Mathematica, One can implement steganography algorithms in Mathematica. One could write (and there also are 3rd party tools for this) implement neural network algorithms in Mathematica.... or any of a wide variety of classification algorithm methods.

So, the devil is in the details. Do you have particular techniques in mind? And for those techniques do you have an application area in mind?