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'''法輪功'''，又名'''法輪大法'''、'''法輪佛法'''<ref>{{cite web |title=（書籍頁面）法輪大法大圓滿法 |url=https://www.eslite.com/product/1001115432011370?srsltid=AfmBOor48isRzLjq0FLKep8Lfg839V2Zr1HVd54ZpnFCB80dCwDuB0TR|website=誠品書店|access-date=2024-08-24}}</ref>，是由[[李洪志]]于1992年5月在[[中華人民共和國]][[吉林省]]首次公開传出的[[氣功]][[修煉]]法<ref name="Penny2005">Penny, Benjamin, "The Falun Gong, Buddhism and 'Buddhist qigong'", ''Asian Studies Review'' (March 2005) Vol 29, pp.35-46.</ref><ref name="Human Rights Watch">{{cite web|url=http://www.hrw.org/reports/2002/china/China0102-01.htm|title=II. WHAT IS FALUNGONG?|author=|date=|work=hrw.org|accessdate=2008-01-11|archive-date=2020-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026193035/https://www.hrw.org/reports/2002/china/China0102-01.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>，也被認為是種信仰修行實踐，以「真、善、忍」为功法理念，《[[转法轮 (书)|轉法輪]]》为其主要书籍；<ref name="Penny2012 natureofuniverse" />組織非常鬆散，修煉者煉五套功法、學習法輪功著作、試圖在日常生活遵守真善忍原則，以帶來更健康的身心和精神啟迪<ref name="F2017">{{cite book|author1=Freedom House |title=2017 Falun Gong: Religious Freedom in China|date=2017-08|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/2017/battle-china-spirit-falun-gong-religious-freedom|access-date=2022-07-21|archive-date=2022-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527182245/https://freedomhouse.org/report/2017/battle-china-spirit-falun-gong-religious-freedom|dead-url=no}}</ref>；後來也有些西方學者與媒體將法輪功歸類為精神運動或[[新興宗教]]運動<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/18/asia/hong-kong-china-falun-gong-intl-hnk/index.html|title=Can a religious group that wants to bring down China's Communist Party survive in Hong Kong?|3=|accessdate=2022-07-12|archive-date=2022-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106095007/https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/18/asia/hong-kong-china-falun-gong-intl-hnk/index.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。截至2019年，法轮功传播于[[中國大陸|陸]][[台湾|台]]两岸以及[[美国|美]]、[[欧洲|欧]]、[[澳大利亚|澳]]洲等超過140個國家和地区<ref name="Ownby08future" />{{rp|126}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=一位中国人获全球称颂 3600项褒奖令中共胆寒|url=http://www.ntdtv.com/gb/2019/05/13/a102577520.html|accessdate=2019-08-15|date=2019-05-13|work=www.ntdtv.com|language=zh-TW|archive-date=2020-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023055921/https://www.ntdtv.com/gb/2019/05/13/a102577520.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。依據中國公安部在{{何时|1999年以前}}的估計，1999年以前中國大陸大約有7000萬到一億人修煉法輪功<ref name="NYT199904" /><ref name="Apple123" />。5月13日原为法輪功創始人李洪志的生日，后被作为法轮大法日供学员庆祝<ref>{{cite conference |author=Hubert Vo |title=HR 1552: Recognizing World Falun Dafa Day 2017 |date=2017-04-26 |url=https://capitol.texas.gov/billlookup/History.aspx?LegSess=85R&Bill=HR1552 |accessdate=2019-12-27 |archive-date=2020-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430100837/https://capitol.texas.gov/billlookup/History.aspx?LegSess=85R&Bill=HR1552 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。
1995年，法轮功创始人[[李洪志]]在海外传授功法，最初是应[[中国驻法国大使馆|中国驻法国大使]]邀请在[[巴黎]]的中国大使馆以及在[[瑞典]]开设一系列法轮功培训班。<ref name=rn/><ref name="Sarah20121220"/>在[[中國駐紐約總領事館|中国驻纽约领事馆]]，法轮功同中国[[丝绸]]工艺、[[中国烹饪|中国烹调]]一样被视为是“中国文化向西方传播”的一部分。<ref name=rn/>纽约领事馆当时也在[[麻省理工]]和[[哥伦比亚大学]]建立法轮功俱乐部，这些俱乐部至今还在活动。<ref name=rn/>1998年，刚退休的中国前[[全国人大常委会委员长]][[乔石]]率团对法轮功进行调查，得出的结论是「法轮功于国于民，有百利而无一害」。<ref name="BP56" />中国[[国家体委]]在[[广东]]对超过12,000名法轮功学员的面谈後，發表声明表示「确信，修炼法轮功的效果是卓越的，法轮功对中国社会的稳定和道德作出了非凡的贡献」。<ref name="DP" />
 
== 起源與簡介 ==
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=== 轉折點：天安門自焚事件 ===
{{main|天安門自焚事件}}
2001年1月22日，[[法新社]]發表〈中国因镇压法轮功失败而惊恐〉報導，稱18个月来的镇压中，法輪功學員未屈服、而变得更坚定；并提及中国共产党领导层对江泽民的镇压有很大分歧，许多领导人表态反对镇压。香港學者刘苏凯說：“江应为下令镇压负主要责任，镇压运动毫无结果，江将政府逼入死角。事后看来，镇压非常鲁莽和轻率，尤其是在中国正努力在世界上重塑形象的时候。江骑虎难下。这涉及到他个人权力的问题。他担心如果给他们一点呼吸的空间，他就会被党内看做软弱，而无法保持最高领导地位”。<ref>{{cite web|title=China Shocked by Failure to Crush Falun Gong|first=|last=|date=2000-01-22 |work=AFP|language=en|publisher= |page=|quote=China's leadership is increasingly alarmed and divided by the failure of its campaign to destroy the Falungong as it braces for new protests on the eve of the Spring Festival. For 18 months the spiritual movement has weathered an all-out assault, and despite the violent suppression of peaceful protests it still gathers hundreds of followers in Beijing's Tiananmen Square to mark key dates. In a surprising admission of failure, China said earlier this month it had been unable to prevent hundreds of Falungong members protesting daily in the square. There is a major split within the senior leadership. There are many leaders who are voicing disagreement with the crackdown."Jiang bears the major responsibility for ordering the crackdown," said Professor Lau Siu-kai of the Chinese University in Hong Kong. "The move has not borne fruit and Jiang has pushed the government into a corner. With hindsight it looks rash and over-confident, particularly as China is trying to rebuild its image in the world," he said. Factions in government believe the violent suppression of protests are hurting China's image just as it battles to overcome the damaging legacy of the military's crushing of the 1989 pro-democracy movement. Frank Lu says the crackdown does not have strong support within the leadership."Jiang can't back down. It involves his power. He's afraid if he gives them a little breathing space, he'll look weak in front of the party and not strong enough to keep being a top leader," he said.}}</ref>
the Falungong as it braces for new protests on the eve of the Spring Festival. For 18 months the spiritual movement has weathered an all-out assault, and despite the violent suppression of peaceful protests it still gathers hundreds of followers in Beijing's Tiananmen Square to mark key dates. In a surprising admission of failure, China said earlier this month it had been unable to prevent hundreds of Falungong members protesting daily in the square. There is a major split within the senior leadership. There are many leaders who are voicing disagreement with the crackdown."Jiang bears the major responsibility for ordering the crackdown," said Professor Lau Siu-kai of the Chinese University in Hong Kong. "The move has not borne fruit and Jiang has pushed the government into a corner. With hindsight it looks rash and over-confident, particularly as China is trying to rebuild its image in the world," he said. Factions in government believe the violent suppression of protests are hurting China's image just as it battles to overcome the damaging legacy of the military's crushing of the 1989 pro-democracy movement. Frank Lu says the crackdown does not have strong support within the leadership."Jiang can't back down. It involves his power. He's afraid if he gives them a little breathing space, he'll look weak in front of the party and not strong enough to keep being a top leader," he said.}}</ref>
 
宣傳戰的轉折點，是2001年中國除夕1月23日，[[新華社]]通報有五人在天安門廣場試圖自焚。[[新華社]]等官媒宣稱，自焚者是法輪功學員，法輪大法信息中心反駁，称法輪功書籍明確禁止暴力行為與自殺<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Page|coauthors=Jeremy|title=Survivors say China Falungong inmmolations real|journal=Reuters|date=2002-04-04}}</ref>，並称整起事件為中国共产党江澤民政府自導自演，藉此引起群眾對法輪功的負面印象，以確立鎮壓合理性<ref name="FDI_PressRelease">{{Cite web|url=http://en.minghui.org/eng/2001/jan/23/vsf012301_3.html|title=PRESS STATEMENT|date=2001-01-31|author=Falun Dafa Information Center|language=en|accessdate=2013-02-24|quote=|archive-date=2014-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015055709/http://en.minghui.org/eng/2001/jan/23/vsf012301_3.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://faluninfo.net/article/1114/?cid=84 |title=On Ten Year Anniversary, Tiananmen Square Self-Immolation Continues to Be Deadly Frame-up |publisher=Falun Dafa Information Center |date=2001-01-23 |language=en |accessdate=2013-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127041155/http://faluninfo.net/article/1114/?cid=84 |archive-date=2012-11-27 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name=brady08>Anne-Marie Brady, Marketing dictatorship: propaganda and thought work in contemporary China, Rowman & Littlefield, 2008</ref>。
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== 爭議 ==
=== 宗教自由範疇與「邪教」標籤辯論 ===
[[File:Tonghai Xian - Xiaohui Cun - P1360057.JPG|thumb|中华人民共和国雲南省[[通海縣]]，當局所貼反法輪功標語，宣稱法輪功是「邪教」。自1999年7月鎮壓法輪功後，中國當局於10月宣布法輪功為「邪教」<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dw.com/zh-hant/%E9%81%AD%E6%89%93%E5%A3%9320%E5%B9%B4-%E6%B3%95%E8%BC%AA%E5%8A%9F%E7%8F%BE%E6%B3%81%E8%8B%A5%E4%BD%95/a-48458308 |title=遭打壓20年 法輪功現況若何 |work=[[德國之聲]] |date=2019-04-25 |language=zh }}</ref>。人權組織自由之家指出，法輪功不是邪教，也與中國當局的標準自相違悖<ref name="FH2017R"/>。有聯合國官員認為法輪功被定性為邪教會造成[[歧視]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2010/10/101022_un_falun_gong |title=联合国委员会因法轮功议题起争议 |work=[[英國廣播公司]] |date=2010-10-22 |accessdate=2024-09-01 |language=zh}}</ref>。]]
自1999年7月鎮壓法輪功後，中國共產黨當局10月宣布稱「邪教」<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dw.com/zh-hant/%E9%81%AD%E6%89%93%E5%A3%9320%E5%B9%B4-%E6%B3%95%E8%BC%AA%E5%8A%9F%E7%8F%BE%E6%B3%81%E8%8B%A5%E4%BD%95/a-48458308 |title=遭打壓20年 法輪功現況若何 |work=[[德國之聲]] |date=2019-04-25 language=zh }}</ref>。人權組織自由之家2017年報告寫到「中國律師和國際法律專家認為，除了共產黨檔案外，沒有任何法律把法輪功定性為『邪教』」；而且就「邪教」這樣的聲稱，也與中国共产党內部的檔案內容不符合<ref name="FH2017R"/>。有聯合國官員認為法輪功被定性為邪教會造成[[歧視]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2010/10/101022_un_falun_gong |title=联合国委员会因法轮功议题起争议 |work=[[英國廣播公司]] |date=2010-10-22 |accessdate=2024-09-01 |language=zh}}</ref>。
 
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鎮壓发生后，李洪志開始減少公開場合的活動<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailynews.com/2014/07/14/why-china-fears-the-falun-gong/|title=Why China fears the Falun Gong|publisher=LA daily news|accessdate=2018-02-14|archive-date=2021-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126133329/https://www.dailynews.com/2014/07/14/why-china-fears-the-falun-gong/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/daily/july99/li24.htm|title=Falun Gong Leader Says He's Misunderstood|publisher=washingtonpost|accessdate=2018-02-14|archive-date=2021-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121060332/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/daily/july99/li24.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>。中國共產黨當局於中國境內的打壓政策反而造成自[[1989年|1989]][[六四事件|天安門抗議]]以來歷時最久，最著名的[[人權]][[抗議]]活動<ref name="Greenlee2006">{{cite journal|last1=Greenlee|first1=Michael J.|title=A King Who Devours His People: Jiang Zemin and the Falun Gong Crackdown: A Bibliography|journal=International Journal of Legal Information|date=2006-01-01|volume=3|issue=34|pages=556|url=http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/ijli/vol34/iss3/9|accessdate=2016-10-01|language=en|quote=Intended to quickly contain and eliminate what the PRC considers an evil or heretical cult (xiejiao), the suppression has instead created the longest sustained and, since the Tiananmen Square protests of June 1989, most widely known human rights protest conducted in the PRC|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430102516/https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/ijli/vol34/iss3/9/|dead-url=no}}</ref>，而法輪功也成為[[中華人民共和國人權]]的主要議題之一。
 
中共黨媒與官方媒體稱法輪功是「邪教」；{{来源请求|然而[[邪教]]這概念本身的有效性有爭議，學界多半不認可邪教這概念的有效性，邪教一詞常被認為是一種[[人身攻擊]]用的[[貼標籤|標籤]]；|time=2024-09-07}}<ref name="Sarah20121220"/>此外，國際上對法輪功是否合乎邪教的定義，多有懷疑，甚至中國政府內部對法輪功的意見也有分歧。據路透社報導，[[聯合國]]人權專員為法輪功辯護，在2010年在[[聯合國大會]]上報告指出，法輪功等社會弱勢信仰團體經常遭誣衊為「邪教」，因此常受社會歧視、甚至升級為針對「顛覆陰謀」的打擊<ref name=REU2010>{{cite news|author1=LOUIS CHARBONNEAU|title=U.N. envoy defends Falun Gong, "evil cult" for China|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2010/10/22/idINIndia-52372120101022|agency=REUTERS[[路透社]]|date=2010-10-22|language=en|quote="Small communities, such as.. Falun Gong and others are sometimes stigmatized as 'cults' and frequently meet with societal prejudices which may escalate into fully fledged conspiracy theories," Heiner Bielefeldt told the U.N. General Assembly's human rights committee.|accessdate=2016-11-17|archive-date=2015-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150830113556/http://in.reuters.com/article/2010/10/22/idINIndia-52372120101022|dead-url=no}}</ref>。但一名與會的北京政府代表對此提出抗議，稱「中國所有宗教都在[[和諧]]並存」，並強調法輪功是邪教而非宗教，因此政府「根絕」法輪功是合理的。<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |language= zh-hk |author= BBC中文網 |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/china/2010/10/101022_un_falun_gong.shtml |title= 聯合國委員會因法輪功議題起爭議 |publisher= [[BBC]] |date= 2010-10-22 |accessdate= 2011-03-26 |archive-date= 2013-12-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131229194030/http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/china/2010/10/101022_un_falun_gong.shtml |dead-url= no }}</ref>聯合國大會連續五年通過了「譴責誹謗宗教行為」的無約束力決議，一些西方國家認為，這類行為對言論自由構成威脅。比勒費爾特在其發言中沒有直接提及誹謗宗教一詞，但他說，[[宗教自由]]並不代表任何教派都不應被批評。<ref name="BBC" />1999年7月22日，中华人民共和国公安部发布通告称，“中華人民共和國民政部已于1999年7月22日認定法輪大法研究會及其操縱的法輪功組織為非法組織，決定予以取締。”<ref>{{cite web |title=中華人民共和國公安部通告（1999年7月22日） |url=http://www.people.com.cn/BIG5/channel1/10/20000706/132280.html |website=人民网 |accessdate=2020-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060115164412/http://www.people.com.cn/BIG5/channel1/10/20000706/132280.html |6= |archive-date=2006-01-15 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
1999年10月28日，《人民日报》发表特约评论员文章《“法轮功”就是邪教》，此后大陆媒体开始称法轮功为邪教。2014年6月3日，央视网称!中国已明确认定14个邪教组织<ref>{{cite web |title=[新闻全方位]我国已明确认定14个邪教组织 |url=http://news.cntv.cn/2014/06/03/VIDE1401804961326523.shtml |website=央视网 |accessdate=2020-05-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513183157/http://news.cntv.cn/2014/06/03/VIDE1401804961326523.shtml |archivedate=2020-05-13 |date=2014-06-03 |dead-url=no }}</ref>，均为中央办公厅、国务院办公厅或公安部下发文件明确和认定，但名单中没有法轮功。
 
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/法轮功”