感知
閱讀設定
(由感受跳轉過嚟)
「感受」跳轉到呢度。想搵人工智能嘅感受,請睇「感受 (人工智能)」。
分類
[編輯]感知可以分做兩大過程[5]:
- 由下至上過程(bottom-up):感官會客觀噉將佢哋收到嘅資訊傳上去個腦嗰度,俾個腦知道外界有乜。
- 由上至下過程(top-down):個腦會按自身嘅目的,控制同指揮感官以及點樣處理感官資訊,例如係按自己想睇乜而移動對眼,影響對眼睇到乜。
研究
[編輯]認知科學上有好多方法研究感知:認知科學家可以用心理物理學嘅方法,做實驗睇吓啲刺激嘅物理性質會點影響人對呢啲刺激嘅體驗[6];神經科學上嘅研究又可以用神經成像嘅方法,睇吓人喺感知外界刺激嗰陣個腦入面發生緊乜事[7];而人工智能(AI)同相關領域又會嘗試用電腦程式模擬人類嘅感知,教電腦做出好似人類感知噉嘅行為[3][8]。
感知會內部唔同功能互相影響,又會同第啲認知功能互相影響:注意力會由外界資訊嗰度篩選一部份出嚟集中處理,影響感知處理乜資訊,而當一個人感知到一個零舍重要嘅資訊,佢又傾向會將注意力轉移去嗰個資訊嘅來源;感知吸收到嘅資訊有一部份會進入記憶,而過去嘅記憶又會影響一個人點樣感知[3];另一方面,感知功能具有分部性-個腦嘅唔同腦區負責處理唔同嘅感知資訊,例如處理嗅覺嘅腦區會傳訊去處理味覺嘅腦區,令嗅覺資訊會明顯噉影響味覺[9]。
形式
[編輯]睇埋
[編輯]參考
[編輯]
- Arnheim, R. (1969). Visual Thinking. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24226-5.
- Flanagan, J. R., & Lederman, S. J. (2001). "'Neurobiology: Feeling bumps and holes. News and Views", Nature, 412(6845):389–91. (PDF)
- Gibson, J. J. (1966). The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems, Houghton Mifflin.
- Gibson, J. J. (1987). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0-89859-959-8
- Robles-De-La-Torre, G. (2006). "The Importance of the Sense of Touch in Virtual and Real Environments". IEEE Multimedia,13(3), Special issue on Haptic User Interfaces for Multimedia Systems, pp. 24–30.
引咗
[編輯]- ↑ Merikle, P. M., Smilek, D., & Eastwood, J. D. (2001). Perception without awareness: Perspectives from cognitive psychology. Cognition, 79(1-2), 115-134.
- ↑ Goldstein (2009) pp. 5-7.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Gregory, Richard. "Perception" in Gregory, Zangwill (1987) pp. 598–601.
- ↑ Bernstein, Douglas A. (5 March 2010). Essentials of Psychology. Cengage Learning. pp. 123-124.
- ↑ Mechelli, A., Price, C. J., Friston, K. J., & Ishai, A. (2004). Where bottom-up meets top-down: neuronal interactions during perception and imagery. Cerebral cortex, 14(11), 1256-1265.
- ↑ Takahashi, T., Oono, H., & Radford, M. H. (2008). Psychophysics of time perception and intertemporal choice models. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 387(8-9), 2066-2074.
- ↑ Romo, R., & Salinas, E. (2003). Cognitive neuroscience: flutter discrimination: neural codes, perception, memory and decision making. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4(3), 203.
- ↑ Zadeh, L. A. (2001). A new direction in AI: Toward a computational theory of perceptions. AI magazine, 22(1), 73-73.
- ↑ Comeau, T. B., Epstein, J. B., & Migas, C. (2001). Taste and smell dysfunction in patients receiving chemotherapy: a review of current knowledge. Supportive care in cancer, 9(8), 575-580.
拎
[編輯]- (英文) Theories of Perception. Several different aspects on perception.
- (英文) Richard L Gregory. Theories of Richard. L. Gregory (英文)