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  • Perspective
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Metastasis development in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Nature Reviews Urology (2024)Cite this article

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Abstract

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is the most common type of bladder cancer presentation and is characterized by a varying probability of recurrence and progression. Sporadically, patients with NMIBC might also develop tumour metastases without any pathological evidence of muscle-invasive disease within the bladder, a condition known as metastatic NMIBC. In the published literature, this phenomenon is limited to several case reports and small reviews, with few data regarding the possible aetiologies. Several possible factors can be potentially associated with metastatic NMIBC, including tumour understaging, the number of transurethral resection procedures received by the patient, the presence of circulating tumour cells, the modality used for diagnostic cystoscopy and possible gender-associated differences. In this Perspective, our aim was to integrate and report currently available data on this relatively rare entity and provide some potential aetiological explanations.

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Fig. 1: Bladder cancer staging.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA

    Michael Leyderman, Seetharam Bhat, Oleg Shapiro, Joseph Jacob, Eyal Kord, Gennady Bratslavsky & Hanan Goldberg

  2. Department of Urology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA

    Thenappan Chandrasekar

  3. Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA

    Petros Grivas

  4. Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA

    Roger Li

  5. Department of Medical Oncology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA

    Alina Basnet

  6. Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA

    Michael A. Daneshvar

  7. Upstate Urology at Mohawk Valley Health System (MVHS), Utica, NY, USA

    Hanan Goldberg

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  1. Michael Leyderman
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Contributions

M.L. researched data for the article. M.L. contributed substantially to discussion of the content. H.G. and M.L. wrote the article. All authors reviewed and/or edited the manuscript before submission.

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Correspondence to Hanan Goldberg.

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Leyderman, M., Chandrasekar, T., Grivas, P. et al. Metastasis development in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Nat Rev Urol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-024-00963-y

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