| Name | Occupation | Birth | Death | Known for |
|---|
| Cleveland Abbe |
Physicist |
3-Dec-1838 |
28-Oct-1916 |
America's first weatherman |
| Charles Greeley Abbot |
Astronomer |
31-May-1872 |
17-Dec-1973 |
Solar energy |
| Alexei A. Abrikosov |
Physicist |
25-Jun-1928 |
|
Particle physicist, explored superconductivity |
| Roger Adams |
Chemist |
2-Jan-1889 |
6-Jul-1971 |
Organic chemist at Illinois |
| Walter S. Adams |
Astronomer |
20-Dec-1876 |
11-May-1956 |
Long-time director of Mt. Wilson Observatory |
| Peter Agre |
Biologist |
30-Jan-1949 |
|
Water channels of cell membranes |
| George A. Akerlof |
Economist |
17-Jun-1940 |
|
Asymmetric markets |
| William Foxwell Albright |
Archaeologist |
24-May-1891 |
19-Sep-1971 |
Biblical archaeologist at Johns Hopkins |
| Zhores I. Alferov |
Scientist |
15-Mar-1930 |
|
Developed solar cells for the Sputnik program |
| Hannes Alfvén |
Physicist |
30-May-1908 |
2-Apr-1995 |
Renegade Swedish astrophysicist |
| Graham T. Allison |
Scholar |
23-Mar-1940 |
|
Kennedy School of Government |
| Sidney Altman |
Chemist |
7-May-1939 |
|
Proved enzyme role of RNA |
| Luis W. Alvarez |
Physicist |
13-Jun-1911 |
1-Sep-1988 |
Particle accelerator, extinction of dinosaurs |
| Carl David Anderson |
Physicist |
3-Sep-1905 |
11-Jan-1991 |
Discovered the positron, mu-meson |
| Philip W. Anderson |
Physicist |
13-Dec-1923 |
|
Solid state physics |
| Christian Anfinsen |
Chemist |
26-Mar-1916 |
14-May-1995 |
Protein structure and folding |
| Daniel I. Arnon |
Biologist |
14-Nov-1910 |
20-Dec-1994 |
Photophosphorylation |
| Kenneth J. Arrow |
Economist |
23-Aug-1921 |
|
Social Choice and Individual Values |
| Robert J. Aumann |
Economist |
8-Jun-1930 |
|
Game theorist |
| Oswald Avery |
Biologist |
21-Oct-1877 |
20-Feb-1955 |
Antibodies and DNA |
| Richard Axel |
Scientist |
2-Jul-1946 |
|
Odorant receptors and olfactory organization |
| Harold D. Babcock |
Astronomer |
24-Jan-1882 |
8-Apr-1968 |
Solar radiation |
| Horace W. Babcock |
Astronomer |
13-Sep-1912 |
29-Aug-2003 |
Adaptive optics and the Babcock Model |
| Alexander Dallas Bache |
Physicist |
19-Jul-1806 |
17-Feb-1867 |
First President, National Academy of Sciences |
| Leo Baekeland |
Scientist |
14-Nov-1863 |
23-Feb-1944 |
Father of plastics |
| Kenneth Bainbridge |
Physicist |
27-Jul-1904 |
14-Jul-1996 |
Director of the Trinity atomic test |
| David Baltimore |
Biologist |
7-Mar-1938 |
|
Co-Discoverer, reverse transcriptase |
| John Bardeen |
Physicist |
23-May-1908 |
30-Jan-1991 |
Co-Inventor of the transistor |
| Edward Barnard |
Astronomer |
16-Dec-1857 |
16-Feb-1923 |
Self-taught scientist |
| Derek Barton |
Chemist |
8-Sep-1918 |
16-Mar-1998 |
Conformational analysis |
| Jacqueline K. Barton |
Chemist |
7-May-1952 |
|
Professor of Chemistry at CalTech |
| David Bates |
Astronomer |
18-Nov-1916 |
5-Jan-1994 |
Atmospheric and interstellar physics |
| Donald R. Beall |
Business |
c. 1939 |
|
CEO of Rockwell, 1988-98 |
| Gary S. Becker |
Economist |
2-Dec-1930 |
3-May-2014 |
Human Capital |
| Arnold Beckman |
Inventor |
10-Apr-1900 |
18-May-2004 |
Philanthropist who invented pH meter |
| Baruj Benacerraf |
Scientist |
29-Oct-1920 |
2-Aug-2011 |
Gene control of HLA antigens |
| Paul Berg |
Chemist |
30-Jun-1926 |
|
Pioneer in recombinant DNA |
| Sune K. Bergström |
Scientist |
10-Jan-1916 |
15-Aug-2004 |
Prostaglandins |
| Lipman Bers |
Mathematician |
22-May-1914 |
29-Oct-1993 |
Riemann surfaces |
| Hans Bethe |
Physicist |
2-Jul-1906 |
6-Mar-2005 |
Atomic scientist |
| Bruce A. Beutler |
Biologist |
29-Dec-1957 |
|
Lipopolysaccharide receptors |
| John S. Billings |
Administrator |
12-Apr-1838 |
11-Mar-1913 |
New York Public Library |
| Robert J. Birgeneau |
Educator |
1942 |
|
Chancellor, UC Berkeley |
| George David Birkhoff |
Mathematician |
21-Mar-1884 |
12-Nov-1944 |
Modern theory of dynamical systems |
| J. Michael Bishop |
Scientist |
22-Feb-1936 |
|
Genetic causes of cancer |
| Elizabeth H. Blackburn |
Scientist |
26-Nov-1948 |
|
Co-Discoverer of telomerase |
| David H. Blackwell |
Mathematician |
24-Apr-1919 |
8-Jul-2010 |
Bayesian statistics |
| Alfred Blalock |
Doctor |
5-Apr-1899 |
15-Sep-1964 |
"Blue baby" operation |
| Rebecca M. Blank |
Economist |
19-Sep-1955 |
|
Council of Economic Advisers, 1998-99 |
| Günter Blobel |
Scientist |
21-May-1936 |
|
Protein signaling in cells |
| Felix Bloch |
Physicist |
23-Oct-1905 |
10-Sep-1983 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance |
| Konrad Bloch |
Scientist |
21-Jan-1912 |
15-Oct-2000 |
Cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism |
| Nicolaas Bloembergen |
Physicist |
11-Mar-1920 |
|
Nonlinear optics |
| Baruch S. Blumberg |
Scientist |
28-Jul-1925 |
5-Apr-2011 |
Hepatitis B vaccine |
| Bart Jan Bok |
Astronomer |
28-Apr-1906 |
5-Aug-1983 |
Bok globules |
| John G. Bolton |
Astronomer |
5-Jun-1922 |
6-Jul-1993 |
First Director of Parkes Observatory |
| Jules Bordet |
Scientist |
13-Jun-1870 |
6-Apr-1961 |
Researched antibodies and antigens |
| Edwin G. Boring |
Psychologist |
23-Oct-1886 |
1-Jul-1968 |
A History of Experimental Psychology |
| Kenneth E. Boulding |
Economist |
18-Jan-1910 |
18-Mar-1993 |
The Image: Knowledge of Life in Society |
| Ira S. Bowen |
Astronomer |
21-Dec-1898 |
6-Feb-1973 |
Debunked nebulium |
| Herbert W. Boyer |
Biologist |
10-Jul-1936 |
|
Recombinant DNA, first synthetic insulin |
| Paul D. Boyer |
Chemist |
31-Jul-1918 |
|
ATP process |
| Walter H. Brattain |
Physicist |
10-Feb-1902 |
13-Oct-1987 |
Co-Inventor of the transistor |
| James Henry Breasted |
Archaeologist |
27-Aug-1865 |
2-Dec-1935 |
A History of Egypt |
| Gregory Breit |
Physicist |
14-Jul-1899 |
11-Sep-1981 |
Proton-proton dispersion |
| Percy Williams Bridgman |
Physicist |
21-Apr-1882 |
20-Aug-1961 |
High-pressure physics |
| Wallace R. Brode |
Chemist |
12-Jun-1900 |
10-Aug-1974 |
Absorption spectra of dyes |
| Louis de Broglie |
Physicist |
15-Aug-1892 |
19-Mar-1987 |
Discovered the wave nature of electrons |
| Fred Brooks |
Computer Programmer |
19-Apr-1931 |
|
Father of the IBM System 360 |
| Dirk Brouwer |
Astronomer |
1-Sep-1902 |
31-Jan-1966 |
Celestial mechanics |
| Ernest W. Brown |
Astronomer |
29-Nov-1866 |
22-Jul-1938 |
Tables of the Motion of the Moon |
| Herbert C. Brown |
Chemist |
22-May-1912 |
19-Dec-2004 |
Discovered organoboranes |
| Michael S. Brown |
Biologist |
13-Apr-1941 |
|
Metabolism of cholesterol |
| Robert A. Brown |
Educator |
22-Jul-1951 |
|
President, Boston University |
| Linda B. Buck |
Biologist |
29-Jan-1947 |
|
Odorant receptors and olfactory organization |
| E. Margaret Burbidge |
Astronomer |
12-Aug-1919 |
|
Synthesis of the elements in stars |
| Frank Macfarlane Burnet |
Scientist |
3-Sep-1899 |
31-Aug-1985 |
Acquired immunological tolerance |
| Vannevar Bush |
Scientist |
11-Mar-1890 |
30-Jun-1974 |
Pre-internet visionary |
| Robert N. Butler |
Doctor |
21-Jan-1927 |
4-Jul-2010 |
Expert on aging |
| Melvin Calvin |
Chemist |
8-Apr-1911 |
8-Jan-1997 |
Deciphered photosynthesis |
| William W. Campbell |
Astronomer |
11-Apr-1862 |
14-Jun-1938 |
Stellar Motions |
| Claude R. Canizares |
Physicist |
1945 |
|
Bruno Rossi Professor of Physics |
| Walter Bradford Cannon |
Scientist |
19-Oct-1871 |
1-Oct-1945 |
Fight or flight response |
| Nancy Cantor |
Educator |
c. 1952 |
|
Chancellor, Syracuse University |
| Mario Capecchi |
Scientist |
6-Oct-1937 |
|
Knock-out mice |
| Anton J. Carlson |
Biologist |
29-Jan-1875 |
2-Sep-1956 |
The Machinery of the Body |
| Arvid Carlsson |
Scientist |
25-Jan-1923 |
|
Signal transduction in the nervous system |
| Wallace Hume Carothers |
Chemist |
27-Apr-1896 |
29-Apr-1937 |
Inventor of Nylon |
| Henri Cartan |
Mathematician |
8-Jul-1904 |
13-Aug-2008 |
Leader of the math Bourbakistes |
| James McKeen Cattell |
Psychologist |
24-May-1860 |
20-Jan-1944 |
Academic freedom |
| Thomas R. Cech |
Chemist |
8-Dec-1947 |
|
Proved enzyme role of RNA |
| Ananda M. Chakrabarty |
Scientist |
4-Apr-1938 |
|
Oil-eating bacteria |
| Martin Chalfie |
Scientist |
1947 |
|
Green Fluorescent Protein |
| Owen Chamberlain |
Physicist |
10-Jul-1920 |
28-Feb-2006 |
Co-Discoverer of the antiproton |
| Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar |
Astronomer |
19-Oct-1910 |
21-Aug-1995 |
Evolutionary stages of stars |
| Sydney Chapman |
Mathematician |
29-Jan-1888 |
16-Jun-1970 |
Geomagnetism |
| Erwin Chargaff |
Biologist |
11-Aug-1905 |
20-Jun-2002 |
Biochemist at Columbia University |
| Jule Charney |
Scientist |
1-Jan-1917 |
16-Jun-1981 |
Quasi-gesotrophic theory |
| Noam Chomsky |
Linguist |
7-Dec-1928 |
|
Linguist, dissident intellectual |
| Steven Chu |
Physicist |
28-Feb-1948 |
|
US Secretary of Energy, 2009-13 |
| Alonzo Church |
Mathematician |
14-Jun-1903 |
11-Aug-1995 |
Lambda calculus, Church-Turing thesis |
| Aaron Ciechanover |
Scientist |
1-Oct-1947 |
|
Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation |
| William W. Coblentz |
Astronomer |
20-Nov-1873 |
15-Sep-1962 |
Infrared spectroscopy |
| Stanley Cohen |
Scientist |
17-Nov-1922 |
|
Nerve and skin cell growth factors |
| Stanley N. Cohen |
Biologist |
17-Feb-1935 |
|
Recombinant DNA |
| Stephen P. Cohen |
Scholar |
c. 1946 |
|
Foreign policy analyst |
| Claude Cohen-Tannoudji |
Physicist |
1-Apr-1933 |
|
Trapped atoms with laser light |
| James S. Coleman |
Sociologist |
12-May-1926 |
25-Mar-1995 |
Foundations of Social Theory |
| Francis Collins |
Scientist |
14-Apr-1950 |
|
Human Genome Project |
| Samuel C. Collins |
Chemist |
28-Dec-1898 |
19-Jun-1984 |
Collins-type cryocooler |
| Arthur H. Compton |
Physicist |
10-Sep-1892 |
15-Mar-1962 |
Discovered the Compton Effect |
| Karl T. Compton |
Physicist |
15-Sep-1887 |
22-Jun-1954 |
Bikini Island atomic tests |
| James B. Conant |
Educator |
26-Mar-1893 |
11-Feb-1978 |
President of Harvard, 1933-53 |
| Edward Condon |
Physicist |
2-Mar-1902 |
26-Mar-1974 |
Quantum Mechanics |
| William D. Coolidge |
Physicist |
23-Oct-1873 |
4-Feb-1975 |
Tungsten filaments and Coolidge tubes |
| Leon N. Cooper |
Physicist |
28-Feb-1930 |
|
BCS Theory of Superconductivity |
| Carl Cori |
Scientist |
5-Dec-1896 |
20-Oct-1984 |
Catalytic conversion of glycogen |
| Gerty Cori |
Scientist |
15-Aug-1896 |
26-Oct-1957 |
Catalytic conversion of glycogen |
| Allan M. Cormack |
Physicist |
23-Feb-1924 |
7-May-1998 |
Computerized axial tomography (CAT scans) |
| John Cornforth |
Chemist |
7-Sep-1917 |
8-Dec-2013 |
Stereochemistry of enzyme-catalysts |
| F. Albert Cotton |
Chemist |
9-Apr-1930 |
20-Feb-2007 |
Metal-metal bonds |
| Alan Cottrell |
Scientist |
17-Jul-1919 |
15-Feb-2012 |
Metallurgist at Cambridge |
| Frederick G. Cottrell |
Inventor |
10-Jan-1877 |
16-Nov-1948 |
Smokestack filters to fight pollution |
| André F. Cournand |
Scientist |
24-Sep-1895 |
19-Feb-1988 |
Cardiac catheterization |
| Jacques Cousteau |
Activist |
11-Jun-1910 |
25-Jun-1997 |
Oceanographer, environmentalist |
| Donald J. Cram |
Chemist |
22-Apr-1919 |
17-Jun-2001 |
Synthesis of molecules |
| Lester Crawford |
Government |
13-Mar-1938 |
|
FDA Commissioner, 2005 |
| James W. Cronin |
Physicist |
29-Sep-1931 |
|
Time not necessarily reversible |
| Paul J. Crutzen |
Physicist |
3-Dec-1933 |
|
Ozone depletion |
| Robert F. Curl, Jr. |
Chemist |
23-Aug-1933 |
|
Co-Discovered fullerines |
| Harvey Cushing |
Doctor |
8-Apr-1869 |
7-Oct-1939 |
Cushing's Syndrome |
| Richard Dalitz |
Physicist |
28-Feb-1925 |
13-Jan-2006 |
Dalitz pairs and Dalitz plots |
| Raymond Davis, Jr. |
Scientist |
14-Oct-1914 |
31-May-2006 |
Detected solar neutrinos |
| Michael DeBakey |
Doctor |
7-Sep-1908 |
11-Jul-2008 |
Father of cardiovascular surgery |
| Gerard Debreu |
Economist |
4-Jul-1921 |
31-Dec-2004 |
Supply and demand theorist |
| Johann Deisenhofer |
Chemist |
30-Sep-1943 |
|
Proteins of photosynthesis |
| Max Delbrück |
Scientist |
4-Sep-1906 |
10-Mar-1981 |
Molecular structure of viral genes (phages) |
| Peter B. Dervan |
Chemist |
28-Jun-1945 |
|
DNA Researcher |
| Persi Diaconis |
Mathematician |
31-Jan-1945 |
|
Science of random numbers |
| Jared Diamond |
Scientist |
10-Sep-1937 |
|
Guns, Germs and Steel |
| Peter Diamond |
Economist |
29-Apr-1940 |
|
Diamond paradox in economics |
| Robert H. Dicke |
Physicist |
6-May-1916 |
4-Mar-1997 |
Dicke radiometer |
| Paul Dirac |
Physicist |
8-Aug-1902 |
20-Oct-1984 |
The Principles of Quantum Mechanics |
| T. G. Dobzhansky |
Scientist |
25-Jan-1900 |
18-Dec-1975 |
Genetics and the Origin of Species |
| Henry Draper |
Astronomer |
7-Mar-1837 |
20-Nov-1882 |
Early astrophotographer |
| John William Draper |
Chemist |
5-May-1811 |
4-Jan-1882 |
Radiant energy and portrait photography |
| Sidney D. Drell |
Physicist |
13-Sep-1926 |
|
In the Shadow of the Bomb |
| Daniel C. Drucker |
Engineer |
1918 |
25-Aug-2001 |
Drucker's stability postulate |
| William F. Durand |
Engineer |
5-Mar-1859 |
9-Aug-1958 |
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics |
| Robert C. Dynes |
Educator |
8-Nov-1942 |
|
President, University of California, 2003-08 |
| Frank W. Dyson |
Astronomer |
8-Jan-1868 |
25-May-1939 |
Six pips on the BBC |
| Freeman Dyson |
Physicist |
15-Dec-1923 |
|
Theoretical physicist at Institute for Advanced Study |
| John Eccles |
Scientist |
27-Jan-1903 |
2-May-1997 |
Membrane potential of nerves |
| Arthur Eddington |
Astronomer |
28-Dec-1882 |
22-Nov-1944 |
Eddington luminosity |
| Gerald M. Edelman |
Scientist |
1-Jul-1929 |
17-May-2014 |
Chemical structure of antibodies |
| Thomas Edison |
Inventor |
11-Feb-1847 |
18-Oct-1931 |
Invented the light bulb |
| Paul R. Ehrlich |
Scientist |
29-May-1932 |
|
The Population Bomb |
| Manfred Eigen |
Physicist |
9-May-1927 |
|
Studied fast chemical reactions |
| Christiaan Eijkman |
Scientist |
11-Aug-1858 |
5-Nov-1930 |
Research led to discovery of vitamins |
| Samuel Eilenberg |
Mathematician |
30-Sep-1913 |
30-Jan-1998 |
Category theory |
| Gertrude B. Elion |
Scientist |
23-Jan-1918 |
21-Feb-1999 |
Developed medicines for leukemia, herpes, AIDS |
| William L. Emmet |
Engineer |
10-Jul-1859 |
26-Sep-1941 |
All-electric warships |
| Donald M. Engelman |
Biologist |
c. 1941 |
|
Biochemistry Professor at Yale |
| Joseph Erlanger |
Scientist |
5-Jan-1874 |
5-Dec-1965 |
Nerve conduction |
| Richard R. Ernst |
Chemist |
14-Aug-1933 |
|
NMR spectroscopy |
| Gerhard Ertl |
Chemist |
10-Oct-1936 |
|
Auto emissions and the ozone layer |
| Martin Feldstein |
Economist |
25-Nov-1939 |
|
Reagan economist |
| Richard Feynman |
Physicist |
11-May-1918 |
15-Feb-1988 |
Surely he's joking |
| Andrew Z. Fire |
Scientist |
27-Apr-1959 |
|
RNA interference |
| Edmond H. Fischer |
Scientist |
6-Apr-1920 |
|
Protein phosphorylation |
| Franklin M. Fisher |
Economist |
13-Dec-1934 |
|
Economist at MIT |
| Ronald Fisher |
Mathematician |
17-Feb-1890 |
29-Jul-1962 |
Analysis of variance and covariance |
| Val Fitch |
Physicist |
10-Mar-1923 |
5-Feb-2015 |
Time not necessarily reversible |
| Paul J. Flory |
Chemist |
19-Jun-1910 |
9-Sep-1985 |
Studied polymers |
| Robert W. Fogel |
Economist |
1-Jul-1926 |
11-Jun-2013 |
Cliometrics |
| Alfred Fowler |
Astronomer |
22-Mar-1868 |
24-Jun-1940 |
Celestial spectroscopy |
| William A. Fowler |
Astronomer |
9-Aug-1911 |
14-Mar-1995 |
Element generation within stars |
| Marye Anne Fox |
Educator |
9-Dec-1947 |
|
Chancellor, UC San Diego |
| James Franck |
Physicist |
26-Aug-1882 |
21-May-1964 |
Franck-Hertz experiment |
| John R. Freeman |
Engineer |
27-Jul-1855 |
6-Oct-1932 |
Charles River Dam |
| Jerome I. Friedman |
Physicist |
28-Mar-1930 |
|
Verified existence of quarks |
| Milton Friedman |
Economist |
31-Jul-1912 |
16-Nov-2006 |
1976 Nobel Prize for Economics |
| Edward A. Frieman |
Physicist |
19-Jan-1926 |
11-Apr-2013 |
Director of Scripps, 1986-96 |
| Kenichi Fukui |
Chemist |
4-Oct-1918 |
9-Jan-1998 |
Frontier orbitals |
| D. Carleton Gajdusek |
Scientist |
9-Sep-1923 |
12-Dec-2008 |
Kuru (slow virus infections) |
| Robert C. Gallo |
Doctor |
23-Mar-1937 |
|
Identified first retroviruses in humans |
| George Gamow |
Physicist |
4-Mar-1904 |
19-Aug-1968 |
Proponent of Big Bang Theory |
| Herbert S. Gasser |
Scientist |
5-Jul-1888 |
11-May-1963 |
Nerve conduction |
| Israel Gelfand |
Mathematician |
2-Sep-1913 |
5-Oct-2009 |
Banach algebras, Lie groups |
| Murray Gell-Mann |
Physicist |
15-Sep-1929 |
|
Quarks and strangeness |
| Pierre-Gilles de Gennes |
Physicist |
24-Oct-1932 |
18-May-2007 |
Molecular structure of polymers |
| Riccardo Giacconi |
Astronomer |
6-Oct-1931 |
|
Discovered cosmic X-ray sources |
| Ivar Giaever |
Physicist |
5-Apr-1929 |
|
Tunneling through superconductors |
| William F. Giauque |
Chemist |
12-May-1895 |
28-Mar-1982 |
Adiabatic demagnetization |
| John H. Gibbon, Jr. |
Doctor |
29-Sep-1903 |
5-Feb-1973 |
Open-heart surgery |
| S. Malcolm Gillis |
Educator |
28-Dec-1940 |
4-Oct-2015 |
President of Rice University, 1993-2004 |
| James M. Gilliss |
Astronomer |
6-Sep-1811 |
9-Feb-1865 |
Founder, US Naval Observatory |
| Alfred G. Gilman |
Scientist |
1-Jul-1941 |
23-Dec-2015 |
G-protein cell signal transmission |
| Robert R. Gilruth |
Engineer |
18-Oct-1913 |
17-Aug-2000 |
NASA scientist |
| Donald A. Glaser |
Physicist |
21-Sep-1926 |
28-Feb-2013 |
Inventor of the bubble chamber |
| Sheldon Glashow |
Physicist |
5-Dec-1932 |
|
Electroweak Theory |
| Roy J. Glauber |
Physicist |
1-Sep-1925 |
|
Quantum optics |
| Laurie H. Glimcher |
Educator |
c. 1950 |
|
Professor of Immunology at Harvard |
| Kurt Gödel |
Mathematician |
28-Apr-1906 |
14-Jan-1978 |
Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems |
| Maria Goeppert-Mayer |
Physicist |
28-Jun-1906 |
20-Feb-1972 |
Shell nuclear model |
| Thomas Gold |
Scientist |
22-May-1920 |
22-Jun-2004 |
Certain that oil is not a fossil fuel |
| Maurice Goldhaber |
Physicist |
18-Apr-1911 |
11-May-2011 |
Neutrons |
| Lee Goldman |
Doctor |
6-Jan-1948 |
|
Goldman Index for cardiac risk |
| Joseph L. Goldstein |
Scientist |
18-Apr-1940 |
|
Hypercholesterolemia and cell metabolism |
| Ralph E. Gomory |
Business |
c. 1938 |
|
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation |
| Bill Gordon |
Astronomer |
8-Jan-1918 |
16-Feb-2010 |
Designed Arecibo radio telescope |
| Stephen Jay Gould |
Biologist |
10-Sep-1941 |
20-May-2002 |
Evolutionary scientist |
| Ronald Graham |
Mathematician |
31-Oct-1935 |
|
Mathematician, Computer Scientist |
| Ragnar Granit |
Scientist |
30-Oct-1900 |
31-Mar-1990 |
Physiology of the retina |
| Jesse L. Greenstein |
Astronomer |
15-Oct-1909 |
21-Oct-2002 |
Co-Discoverer of quasars |
| Carol W. Greider |
Scientist |
15-Apr-1961 |
|
Co-Discoverer of telomerase |
| Zvi Griliches |
Economist |
12-Sep-1930 |
4-Nov-1999 |
Technology, Education, and Productivity |
| David J. Gross |
Physicist |
19-Feb-1941 |
|
Deep structure of matter |
| Robert H. Grubbs |
Chemist |
27-Feb-1942 |
|
Metathesis |
| Roger Guillemin |
Scientist |
11-Jan-1924 |
|
Hypothalamic hormones (brain peptides) |
| Alan Guth |
Physicist |
27-Feb-1947 |
|
Inflationary theory of cosmology |
| Jacques-Salomon Hadamard |
Mathematician |
8-Dec-1865 |
17-Oct-1963 |
Prime number theorem |
| Asaph Hall |
Astronomer |
15-Oct-1829 |
22-Nov-1907 |
Discovered the moons of Mars |
| Edwin Hall |
Physicist |
7-Nov-1855 |
20-Nov-1938 |
Discovered the Hall Effect |
| John L. Hall |
Physicist |
21-Aug-1934 |
|
Quantum optics |
| Sir William Rowan Hamilton |
Mathematician |
3-Aug-1805 |
2-Sep-1865 |
Inventor of Quaternions |
| James E. Hansen |
Scientist |
29-Mar-1941 |
|
Greenhouse effect and global warming |
| Ross Granville Harrison |
Zoologist |
13-Jan-1870 |
30-Sep-1959 |
Embryology and tissue culture techniques |
| John C. Harsanyi |
Economist |
29-May-1920 |
9-Aug-2000 |
Game theory |
| Haldan K. Hartline |
Scientist |
22-Dec-1903 |
17-Mar-1983 |
Physiology of the retina |
| Leland H. Hartwell |
Scientist |
30-Oct-1939 |
|
Regulators of cell cycle |
| E. Newton Harvey |
Zoologist |
25-Nov-1887 |
21-Jul-1959 |
Light-emitting organisms |
| Herbert A. Hauptman |
Mathematician |
14-Feb-1917 |
23-Oct-2011 |
X-ray diffraction studies |
| Chushiro Hayashi |
Astronomer |
25-Jul-1920 |
28-Feb-2010 |
Big Bang astrophysicist |
| James J. Heckman |
Economist |
19-Apr-1944 |
|
Statistical analysis of individual and household behavior |
| Alan J. Heeger |
Physicist |
22-Jan-1936 |
|
Metallic polymers |
| John L. Hennessy |
Educator |
c. 1953 |
|
President of Stanford University |
| Louis Henyey |
Astronomer |
3-Feb-1910 |
18-Feb-1970 |
Henyey method |
| George Herbig |
Astronomer |
2-Jan-1920 |
12-Oct-2013 |
Herbig-Haro objects |
| Dudley R. Herschbach |
Chemist |
18-Jun-1932 |
|
Crossed molecular beam experiments |
| Alfred D. Hershey |
Scientist |
4-Dec-1908 |
22-May-1997 |
Molecular structure of viral genes |
| Avram Hershko |
Scientist |
31-Dec-1937 |
|
Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation |
| Melville J. Herskovits |
Anthropologist |
10-Sep-1895 |
25-Feb-1963 |
The Myth of the Negro Past |
| Gerhard Herzberg |
Physicist |
25-Dec-1904 |
3-Mar-1999 |
Molecular spectroscopy |
| George W. Hill |
Astronomer |
3-Mar-1838 |
16-Apr-1914 |
A New Theorie of Jupiter and Saturn |
| David Ho |
Doctor |
3-Nov-1952 |
|
AIDS researcher |
| Jules A. Hoffmann |
Biologist |
2-Aug-1941 |
|
Innate immunity |
| Roald Hoffmann |
Chemist |
18-Jul-1937 |
|
Woodward-Hoffmann reaction |
| Robert Hofstadter |
Physicist |
5-Feb-1915 |
17-Nov-1990 |
Size, shape, and structure of neutrons and protons |
| Bert Hölldobler |
Zoologist |
25-Jun-1936 |
|
Social organizations in insects |
| Robert W. Holley |
Scientist |
28-Jan-1922 |
11-Feb-1993 |
RNA's role in protein synthesis |
| Nick Holonyak |
Physicist |
3-Nov-1928 |
|
Light-emitting diodes |
| Johannes Holtfreter |
Zoologist |
9-Jan-1901 |
13-Nov-1992 |
Chemotaxis |
| Leroy Hood |
Biologist |
10-Oct-1938 |
|
Systems biology and Human Genome Project |
| Donald F. Hornig |
Educator |
17-Mar-1920 |
21-Jan-2013 |
President of Brown University, 1970-76 |
| H. Robert Horvitz |
Scientist |
8-May-1947 |
|
Genetic regulation of organ development |
| Hendrik S. Houthakker |
Economist |
31-Dec-1924 |
15-Apr-2008 |
Council of Economic Advisers, 1969-71 |
| Fred Hoyle |
Astronomer |
24-Jun-1915 |
20-Aug-2001 |
Opposed the Big Bang but named it |
| Charles B. Huggins |
Scientist |
22-Sep-1901 |
12-Jan-1997 |
Hormonal treatment of prostate and breast cancers |
| Vernon W. Hughes |
Physicist |
28-May-1921 |
25-Mar-2003 |
Muons |
| Albert Wallace Hull |
Physicist |
19-Apr-1880 |
22-Jan-1966 |
Inventor of the magnetron tube |
| Frederick S. Humphries |
Business |
c. 1935 |
|
Former President, Florida A&M University |
| Tim Hunt |
Scientist |
19-Feb-1943 |
|
Regulators of cell cycle |
| Leonid Hurwicz |
Economist |
21-Aug-1917 |
24-Jun-2008 |
Mechanism design theory |
| Louis J. Ignarro |
Scientist |
31-May-1941 |
|
Nitric oxide as a cardiovascular signal |
| Kiyoshi Ito |
Mathematician |
7-Sep-1915 |
10-Nov-2008 |
Ito Calculus |
| Herbert E. Ives |
Physicist |
21-Jul-1882 |
13-Nov-1953 |
Facsimile machine |
| François Jacob |
Scientist |
17-Jun-1920 |
19-Apr-2013 |
Operon theory of genetic control |
| Niels K. Jerne |
Scientist |
23-Dec-1911 |
7-Oct-1994 |
Immune theory (anti-antibody) |
| Deborah S. Jin |
Physicist |
c. 1968 |
|
Created a fermionic condensate |
| Kelly Johnson |
Engineer |
27-Feb-1910 |
21-Dec-1990 |
Lockheed Skunk Works plane designer |
| Dale W. Jorgenson |
Economist |
7-May-1933 |
|
Economist at Harvard |
| Percy Julian |
Chemist |
11-Apr-1899 |
19-Apr-1975 |
Physostigmine and cortisone |
| Leo P. Kadanoff |
Physicist |
14-Jan-1937 |
26-Oct-2015 |
Second-order phase transitions |
| Daniel Kahneman |
Psychologist |
5-Mar-1934 |
|
The psychology of economics |
| Eric R. Kandel |
Scientist |
7-Nov-1929 |
|
Signal transduction in the nervous system |
| Pyotr Kapitsa |
Physicist |
8-Jul-1894 |
8-Apr-1984 |
Discovered superfluidity |
| Jerome Karle |
Chemist |
18-Jun-1918 |
6-Jun-2013 |
X-Ray diffraction studies |
| Martin Karplus |
Chemist |
15-Mar-1930 |
|
Karplus Equation |
| Paul Karrer |
Chemist |
21-Apr-1889 |
18-Jun-1971 |
Synthesized vitamins A, B2, E, and K |
| James E. Keeler |
Astronomer |
10-Sep-1857 |
12-Aug-1900 |
Composition of Saturn's rings |
| Henry W. Kendall |
Physicist |
9-Dec-1926 |
15-Feb-1999 |
Verified existence of quarks |
| John C. Kendrew |
Chemist |
24-Mar-1917 |
23-Aug-1997 |
Determined structure of myoglobin |
| Donald Kennedy |
Educator |
18-Aug-1931 |
|
Editor-in-Chief of Science |
| Arthur E. Kennelly |
Physicist |
17-Dec-1861 |
18-Jun-1939 |
Kennelly-Heaviside layer |
| Robert O. Keohane |
Scholar |
3-Oct-1941 |
|
After Hegemony |
| Warwick Kerr |
Scientist |
9-Sep-1922 |
|
Introduced african bees to South America |
| Charles F. Kettering |
Engineer |
29-Aug-1876 |
25-Nov-1958 |
Invented the electric starter |
| Wolfgang Ketterle |
Physicist |
21-Oct-1957 |
|
Bose-Einstein condensates |
| Lawrence R. Klein |
Economist |
14-Sep-1920 |
20-Oct-2013 |
Macroeconometric modeling |
| Aaron Klug |
Chemist |
11-Aug-1926 |
|
Structural analysis of viruses |
| Jeremy R. Knowles |
Business |
1935 |
|
Chemistry Professor, Harvard University |
| Donald E. Knuth |
Computer Programmer |
10-Jan-1938 |
|
The Art of Computer Programming |
| Walter Kohn |
Chemist |
9-Mar-1923 |
|
Density-functional theory |
| Arthur Kornberg |
Scientist |
3-Mar-1918 |
26-Oct-2007 |
Synthesized DNA |
| Roger D. Kornberg |
Scientist |
24-Apr-1947 |
|
Molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription |
| Robert P. Kraft |
Astronomer |
16-Jun-1927 |
26-May-2015 |
Lick Observatory |
| Alfred Kroeber |
Anthropologist |
11-Jun-1876 |
5-Oct-1960 |
Pioneer in American Anthropology |
| Herbert Kroemer |
Physicist |
25-Aug-1928 |
|
Pioneer in laser technology |
| Sir Harold Kroto |
Chemist |
7-Oct-1939 |
|
Co-Discovered fullerenes |
| Polykarp Kusch |
Physicist |
26-Jan-1911 |
20-Mar-1993 |
Magnetic moment of the electron |
| Willis Lamb |
Physicist |
12-Jul-1913 |
15-May-2008 |
Detailed the hydrogen spectrum |
| Edwin H. Land |
Inventor |
7-May-1909 |
1-Mar-1991 |
Polaroid Land Camera |
| Lev Landau |
Physicist |
22-Jan-1908 |
1-Apr-1968 |
Superfluidity of helium |
| Jonathan Homer Lane |
Astronomer |
9-Aug-1819 |
3-May-1880 |
Gravitational equilibrium of the Sun |
| Andrew E. Lange |
Astronomer |
23-Jul-1957 |
22-Jan-2010 |
Cosmologist, astrophysicist at Caltech |
| Robert S. Langer |
Chemist |
29-Aug-1948 |
|
Institute Professor at MIT |
| Samuel P. Langley |
Astronomer |
22-Aug-1834 |
2-Feb-1906 |
Heavier-than-air flying machine |
| Robert B. Laughlin |
Physicist |
1-Nov-1950 |
|
Fractional quantum Hall effect |
| Paul C. Lauterbur |
Scientist |
6-May-1929 |
27-Mar-2007 |
Magnetic resonance imaging |
| Ernest Lawrence |
Physicist |
8-Aug-1901 |
27-Aug-1958 |
Inventor of the cyclotron |
| Robert Z. Lawrence |
Economist |
c. 1948 |
|
Council of Economic Advisers, 1999-2001 |
| Edward Lazear |
Economist |
1948 |
|
Chairman, Council of Economic Advisors |
| Philip Leder |
Biologist |
19-Nov-1934 |
|
Harvard Geneticist |
| Joshua Lederberg |
Biologist |
23-May-1925 |
2-Feb-2008 |
Genetic properties of bacteria |
| Leon M. Lederman |
Physicist |
15-Jul-1922 |
|
Researcher of neutrinos |
| David M. Lee |
Physicist |
20-Jan-1931 |
|
Superfluidity of helium-3 |
| Tsung-Dao Lee |
Physicist |
25-Nov-1926 |
|
Violations of parity law |
| Yuan T. Lee |
Chemist |
29-Nov-1936 |
|
Crossed molecular beam experiments |
| Anthony J. Leggett |
Physicist |
26-Mar-1938 |
|
Particle physicist, explored superfluidity |
| Jean-Marie Lehn |
Chemist |
30-Sep-1939 |
|
Synthesis of molecules |
| Joseph Leidy |
Biologist |
9-Sep-1823 |
30-Apr-1891 |
Trichinosis and dinosaurs |
| Robert B. Leighton |
Astronomer |
10-Sep-1919 |
9-Mar-1997 |
Leighton dishes |
| Tom Leighton |
Mathematician |
c. 1956 |
|
Co-founder of Akamai |
| Luis Leloir |
Chemist |
6-Sep-1906 |
2-Dec-1987 |
Conversion of carbohydrates |
| Abba Lerner |
Economist |
28-Oct-1903 |
27-Oct-1982 |
The Economics of Control |
| Richard A. Lerner |
Biologist |
28-Aug-1938 |
|
Scripps Research Institute |
| Armin O. Leuschner |
Astronomer |
16-Jan-1868 |
22-Apr-1953 |
Astronomer at Berkeley |
| Rita Levi-Montalcini |
Scientist |
22-Apr-1909 |
30-Dec-2012 |
Nerve and skin cell growth factors |
| Claude Lévi-Strauss |
Anthropologist |
28-Nov-1908 |
1-Nov-2009 |
French anthropologist |
| Arnold J. Levine |
Biologist |
1939 |
|
Cancer researcher |
| Edward B. Lewis |
Scientist |
20-May-1918 |
21-Jul-2004 |
Drosophila researcher, Nobel laureate |
| Willard F. Libby |
Chemist |
17-Dec-1908 |
8-Sep-1980 |
Carbon-14 dating technique |
| Susan L. Lindquist |
Biologist |
5-Jun-1949 |
|
Protein folding |
| Ralph Linton |
Anthropologist |
27-Feb-1893 |
25-Dec-1953 |
The Study of Man |
| William Lipscomb |
Chemist |
9-Dec-1919 |
14-Apr-2011 |
Chemical bonding |
| Alfred Lee Loomis |
Physicist |
4-Nov-1887 |
1-Aug-1975 |
Millionaire scientist |
| Edward Lorenz |
Scientist |
23-May-1917 |
16-Apr-2008 |
Chaos theory |
| Frank J. Low |
Astronomer |
23-Nov-1933 |
11-Jun-2009 |
Infrared astronomy |
| Robert Lucas |
Economist |
15-Sep-1937 |
|
Theory of rational expectations |
| Salvador Luria |
Biologist |
13-Aug-1912 |
6-Feb-1991 |
Natural selection in bacteria |
| Willem J. Luyten |
Astronomer |
7-Mar-1899 |
21-Nov-1994 |
Stellar mortician |
| André Lwoff |
Scientist |
8-May-1902 |
30-Sep-1994 |
Operon theory of genetic control |
| Princeton Lyman |
Diplomat |
20-Nov-1935 |
|
US Ambassador to South Africa, 1992-95 |
| Donald Lynden-Bell |
Astronomer |
5-Apr-1935 |
|
Astrophysicist at Cambridge |
| Feodor Lynen |
Scientist |
6-Apr-1911 |
6-Aug-1979 |
Cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism |
| J. Bernard Machen |
Educator |
26-Mar-1944 |
|
President, University of Florida |
| Roderick MacKinnon |
Biologist |
19-Feb-1956 |
|
Ion channels of cell membranes |
| Benoit Mandelbrot |
Mathematician |
20-Nov-1924 |
14-Oct-2010 |
Fractal mathematician |
| Michael E. Mann |
Physicist |
28-Dec-1965 |
|
Climate change scientist |
| Robert W. Mann |
Inventor |
1924 |
16-Jun-2006 |
Prosthetic devices |
| Rudolph A. Marcus |
Chemist |
21-Jul-1923 |
|
Electron-transfer reactions |
| Geoffrey W. Marcy |
Astronomer |
29-Sep-1954 |
|
Discoverer of exoplanets |
| Lynn Margulis |
Biologist |
5-Mar-1935 |
22-Nov-2011 |
Origin of eukaryotic organelles |
| Hans Mark |
Physicist |
17-Jun-1929 |
|
US Air Force Secretary, 1979-81 |
| John C. Mather |
Physicist |
7-Aug-1946 |
|
Big Bang |
| Ernst Mayr |
Biologist |
5-Jul-1904 |
3-Feb-2005 |
Evolutionary biologist |
| John McCarthy |
Computer Programmer |
4-Sep-1927 |
24-Oct-2011 |
Created LISP programming language |
| Mark McClellan |
Government |
26-Jun-1963 |
|
Medicare Chief |
| Barbara McClintock |
Scientist |
16-Jun-1902 |
2-Sep-1992 |
Discovered transposable genes |
| William D. McElroy |
Biologist |
22-Jan-1917 |
17-Feb-1999 |
Bioluminescence |
| Daniel L. McFadden |
Economist |
29-Jul-1937 |
|
Statistical analysis of individual and household behavior |
| Victor A. McKusick |
Scientist |
21-Oct-1921 |
22-Jul-2008 |
Father of medical genetics |
| Edwin M. McMillan |
Physicist |
18-Sep-1907 |
7-Sep-1991 |
Discovered neptunium and plutonium |
| Carver A. Mead |
Engineer |
1-May-1934 |
|
Microelectronics |
| Craig C. Mello |
Scientist |
19-Oct-1960 |
|
RNA interference |
| Bruce Merrifield |
Chemist |
15-Jul-1921 |
14-May-2006 |
Synthesized polypeptides |
| Paul W. Merrill |
Astronomer |
15-Aug-1887 |
19-Jul-1961 |
S-process of nucleosynthesis |
| Robert C. Merton |
Economist |
31-Jul-1944 |
|
Risk management and options |
| Robert K. Merton |
Sociologist |
4-Jul-1910 |
23-Feb-2003 |
On the Shoulders of Giants |
| Ruben Mettler |
Business |
23-Feb-1924 |
23-May-2006 |
CEO of TRW, 1969-77 |
| Otto Meyerhof |
Scientist |
12-Apr-1884 |
6-Oct-1951 |
Glycogen-lactic acid cycle |
| Hartmut Michel |
Chemist |
18-Jul-1948 |
|
Proteins of photosynthesis |
| Albert A. Michelson |
Physicist |
19-Dec-1852 |
9-May-1931 |
Measured the speed of light |
| Thomas Midgley |
Chemist |
18-May-1889 |
2-Nov-1944 |
Ethyl gasoline, Freon |
| Stanley Miller |
Chemist |
7-Mar-1930 |
20-May-2007 |
Miller-Urey Experiment |
| Robert A. Millikan |
Physicist |
22-Mar-1868 |
19-Dec-1953 |
Determined the charge of an electron |
| César Milstein |
Scientist |
8-Oct-1927 |
24-Mar-2002 |
Hybridoma technique (monoclonal antibodies) |
| Raymond D. Mindlin |
Engineer |
17-Sep-1906 |
22-Nov-1987 |
Mindlin's problem |
| Rudolph Minkowski |
Astronomer |
28-May-1895 |
4-Jan-1976 |
Galaxies in collision |
| Marvin Minsky |
Scientist |
9-Aug-1927 |
|
Father of Artificial Intelligence |
| James A. Mirrlees |
Economist |
5-Jul-1936 |
|
Asymmetric information in economics |
| Peter Mitchell |
Chemist |
29-Sep-1920 |
10-Apr-1992 |
ADP to ATP conversion in mitochondria |
| Franco Modigliani |
Economist |
18-Jun-1918 |
25-Sep-2003 |
Life-cycle theory |
| Mario J. Molina |
Chemist |
19-Mar-1943 |
|
Ozone depletion |
| Jacques Monod |
Scientist |
9-Feb-1910 |
31-May-1976 |
Operon theory of genetic control |
| Stanford Moore |
Chemist |
4-Sep-1913 |
23-Aug-1982 |
Amino-acid analyzer |
| Lewis Henry Morgan |
Anthropologist |
21-Nov-1818 |
17-Dec-1881 |
Ancient Society |
| William W. Morgan |
Astronomer |
3-Jan-1906 |
21-Jun-1994 |
Spiral arms of the Milky Way Galaxy |
| K. Alex Müller |
Physicist |
20-Apr-1927 |
|
High-temperature superconductivity |
| Robert S. Mulliken |
Chemist |
7-Jun-1896 |
31-Oct-1986 |
Molecular orbital theory |
| Woodrow A. Myers, Jr. |
Doctor |
14-Feb-1954 |
|
EVP at Wellpoint, 2000-05 |
| Yoichiro Nambu |
Physicist |
18-Jan-1921 |
5-Jul-2015 |
Spontaneous broken symmetry |
| Gerry Neugebauer |
Astronomer |
3-Sep-1932 |
|
Infrared astronomy |
| Simon Newcomb |
Astronomer |
12-Mar-1835 |
11-Jul-1909 |
Nautical Almanac |
| Ernest Fox Nichols |
Physicist |
1-Jun-1869 |
29-Apr-1924 |
Infrared radiation |
| Marshall W. Nirenberg |
Scientist |
10-Apr-1927 |
15-Jan-2010 |
RNA's role in protein synthesis |
| John H. Northrop |
Chemist |
5-Jul-1891 |
27-May-1987 |
Bacteriophages |
| Robert Noyce |
Inventor |
12-Dec-1927 |
3-Jun-1990 |
Co-Inventor, integrated circuit |
| Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard |
Scientist |
20-Oct-1942 |
|
Embryonic development of fruit flies |
| Robert B. Oakley |
Diplomat |
12-Mar-1931 |
10-Dec-2014 |
US Ambassador to Pakistan, 1988-91 |
| George A. Olah |
Chemist |
22-May-1927 |
|
Isolated carbonium ions |
| Lars Onsager |
Chemist |
27-Nov-1903 |
5-Oct-1976 |
Fourth Law of Thermodynamics |
| Douglas D. Osheroff |
Physicist |
1-Aug-1945 |
|
Superfluidity of helium-3 |
| Donald E. Osterbrock |
Astronomer |
13-Jul-1924 |
11-Jan-2007 |
Director of Lick Observatory, 1973-81 |
| Elinor Ostrom |
Sociologist |
7-Aug-1933 |
12-Jun-2012 |
Common-pool resources |
| Bohdan Paczynski |
Astronomer |
8-Feb-1940 |
19-Apr-2007 |
Gravitational microlensing |
| David C. Page |
Biologist |
6-Jul-1956 |
|
Director, Whitehead Institute |
| George E. Palade |
Scientist |
19-Nov-1912 |
7-Oct-2008 |
Microstructure of the cell |
| Eugene Parker |
Astronomer |
10-Jun-1927 |
|
Solar winds |
| Linus Pauling |
Chemist |
28-Feb-1901 |
19-Aug-1994 |
Scientist and peacenik |
| Raymond Pearl |
Biologist |
3-Jun-1879 |
17-Nov-1940 |
Biogerontology |
| P. James E. Peebles |
Astronomer |
25-Apr-1935 |
|
Galaxy formation |
| Benjamin Peirce |
Mathematician |
4-Apr-1809 |
10-Jun-1880 |
Idempotent and nilpotent |
| Roger Penrose |
Mathematician |
8-Aug-1931 |
|
Theory of cosmic censorship |
| Arno Penzias |
Astronomer |
26-Apr-1933 |
|
Detected primordial radiation |
| Martin L. Perl |
Physicist |
24-Jun-1927 |
30-Sep-2014 |
Discovered the tau lepton |
| Saul Perlmutter |
Astronomer |
1959 |
|
Accelerating expansion of the universe |
| Edmund S. Phelps |
Economist |
26-Jul-1933 |
|
Golden Rules of Economic Growth |
| William D. Phillips |
Physicist |
5-Nov-1948 |
|
Trapped atoms with laser light |
| Thomas Pickering |
Diplomat |
5-Nov-1931 |
|
Career US Ambassador |
| Gregory Pincus |
Scientist |
9-Apr-1903 |
22-Aug-1967 |
Inventor of oral contraceptives |
| Kenneth S. Pitzer |
Chemist |
6-Jan-1914 |
26-Dec-1997 |
President of Rice University, 1961-68 |
| John C. Polanyi |
Chemist |
23-Jan-1929 |
|
Infrared chemiluminescence |
| George Porter |
Chemist |
6-Dec-1920 |
31-Aug-2002 |
Rapid chemical and biological processes |
| Rodney R. Porter |
Scientist |
8-Oct-1917 |
6-Sep-1985 |
Chemical structure of antibodies |
| George H. Poste |
Biologist |
c. 1944 |
|
Health Technology Networks |
| John Wesley Powell |
Geologist |
24-Mar-1834 |
23-Sep-1902 |
Exploration of the Colorado River |
| Vladimir Prelog |
Chemist |
23-Jul-1906 |
7-Jan-1998 |
Stereochemistry of enzyme-catalysts |
| Ilya Prigogine |
Chemist |
25-Jan-1917 |
28-May-2003 |
Theory of dissipative structures |
| Stanley B. Prusiner |
Scientist |
28-May-1942 |
|
Prions |
| E. M. Purcell |
Physicist |
30-Aug-1912 |
7-Mar-1997 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance |
| Isidor Isaac Rabi |
Physicist |
29-Jul-1898 |
11-Jan-1988 |
Magnetic beam resonances |
| James Rainwater |
Physicist |
9-Dec-1917 |
31-May-1986 |
Determined shapes of nuclei |
| Venkatraman Ramakrishnan |
Scientist |
1952 |
|
Ribosomes |
| Norman F. Ramsey |
Physicist |
27-Aug-1915 |
4-Nov-2011 |
Energy levels of atoms |
| C. N. R. Rao |
Chemist |
30-Jun-1934 |
|
Chemistry of superconductivity |
| Martin Rees |
Astronomer |
23-Jun-1942 |
|
President of the Royal Society |
| Frederick Reines |
Physicist |
16-Mar-1918 |
26-Aug-1998 |
Co-Discover of the neutrino |
| Robert C. Richardson |
Physicist |
26-Jun-1937 |
19-Feb-2013 |
Superfluidity of helium-3 |
| Burton Richter |
Physicist |
22-Mar-1931 |
|
Co-Discoverer of J/psi meson |
| Oscar Riddle |
Biologist |
27-Sep-1877 |
29-Nov-1968 |
Prolactin |
| Adam G. Riess |
Astronomer |
1969 |
|
Accelerating expansion of the universe |
| Ron Rivest |
Computer Programmer |
1947 |
|
The R in RSA |
| Charles W. Robinson |
Business |
7-Sep-1919 |
20-May-2014 |
Deputy Secretary of State, 1976-77 |
| Irwin Rose |
Scientist |
16-Jul-1926 |
2-Jun-2015 |
Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation |
| Bruno Rossi |
Astronomer |
13-Apr-1905 |
21-Nov-1993 |
Rossi curve and magnetopause |
| Marc Rotenberg |
Activist |
20-Apr-1960 |
|
Electronic Privacy Information Center |
| John W. Rowe |
Business |
20-Jun-1944 |
|
CEO of Aetna, 2000-06 |
| F. Sherwood Rowland |
Chemist |
28-Jun-1927 |
10-Mar-2012 |
Ozone depletion |
| Carlo Rubbia |
Physicist |
31-Mar-1934 |
|
Co-Discovered W and Z particles |
| Vera Rubin |
Astronomer |
23-Jul-1928 |
|
Structure of galaxies |
| Albert Sabin |
Biologist |
26-Aug-1906 |
3-Mar-1993 |
Developed oral polio vaccine |
| Thomas J. Sargent |
Economist |
19-Jul-1943 |
|
Rational expectations theory |
| Wallace Sargent |
Astronomer |
15-Feb-1935 |
29-Oct-2012 |
Astrophysicist at CalTech |
| AnnaLee Saxenian |
Scholar |
c. 1954 |
|
Information technologist |
| Arthur L. Schawlow |
Physicist |
5-May-1921 |
28-Apr-1999 |
Laser spectroscopy |
| Thomas C. Schelling |
Economist |
14-Apr-1921 |
|
The Strategy of Conflict |
| Frank Schlesinger |
Astronomer |
11-May-1871 |
10-Jul-1943 |
Stellar parallaxes |
| Brian P. Schmidt |
Astronomer |
24-Feb-1967 |
|
Accelerating universe |
| Maarten Schmidt |
Astronomer |
28-Dec-1929 |
|
Co-Discoverer of quasars |
| Robert Schrieffer |
Physicist |
31-May-1931 |
|
BCS Theory of Superconductivity |
| Richard R. Schrock |
Chemist |
4-Jan-1945 |
|
Metathesis |
| Theodore W. Schultz |
Economist |
30-Apr-1902 |
26-Feb-1998 |
Investment in Human Capital |
| Melvin Schwartz |
Physicist |
2-Nov-1932 |
28-Aug-2006 |
Researcher of neutrinos |
| Martin Schwarzschild |
Astronomer |
31-May-1912 |
10-Apr-1997 |
Structure and Evolution of the Stars |
| Julian Schwinger |
Physicist |
12-Feb-1918 |
16-Jul-1994 |
Quantum electrodynamics |
| Glenn Seaborg |
Physicist |
19-Apr-1912 |
25-Feb-1999 |
Co-Discoverer of Plutonium |
| Frederick Hanley Seares |
Astronomer |
17-May-1873 |
20-Jul-1964 |
Astronomer at Mt. Wilson Observatory |
| William R. Sears |
Engineer |
1-Mar-1913 |
12-Oct-2002 |
Airfoil engineer |
| Michael Seaton |
Astronomer |
16-Jun-1923 |
29-May-2007 |
Opacity Project |
| Emilio Segrè |
Physicist |
30-Jan-1905 |
22-Apr-1989 |
Co-Discoverer of the antiproton |
| Nikolay Semyonov |
Chemist |
15-Apr-1896 |
25-Sep-1986 |
Combustion, explosions, and chemical kinetics |
| Claude Shannon |
Scientist |
30-Apr-1916 |
24-Feb-2001 |
Pioneer in information theory |
| Phillip A. Sharp |
Biologist |
6-Jun-1944 |
|
Eukaryotic (split) genes |
| K. Barry Sharpless |
Chemist |
28-Apr-1941 |
|
Chiral catalysts |
| Thomas E. Shenk |
Biologist |
c. 1947 |
|
Princeton Molecular Biologist |
| Willow B. Shire |
Business |
c. 1948 |
|
Orchard Consulting Group |
| Iosif S. Shklovskii |
Astronomer |
1-Jul-1916 |
3-Mar-1985 |
Synchrotron radiation of the Crab Nebula |
| William Shockley |
Physicist |
13-Feb-1910 |
12-Aug-1989 |
Co-Inventor of the transistor |
| Clifford G. Shull |
Physicist |
23-Sep-1915 |
31-Mar-2001 |
Neutron scattering |
| Christopher A. Sims |
Economist |
21-Oct-1942 |
|
Statistical theory of time series |
| Isadore Singer |
Mathematician |
3-May-1924 |
|
Atiyah-Singer index theorem |
| Theda Skocpol |
Educator |
4-May-1947 |
|
Harvard sociologist, political scientist |
| Jens C. Skou |
Scientist |
8-Oct-1918 |
|
ATPase researcher |
| Matthew J. Slaughter |
Economist |
c. 1968 |
|
Council of Economic Advisers, 2005-07 |
| V. M. Slipher |
Astronomer |
11-Nov-1875 |
8-Nov-1969 |
Interstellar dust |
| Richard E. Smalley |
Chemist |
6-Jun-1943 |
28-Oct-2005 |
Co-Discovered fullerines |
| Theobald Smith |
Scientist |
31-Jul-1859 |
10-Dec-1934 |
Infectious and parasitic diseases |
| Vernon L. Smith |
Economist |
1-Jan-1927 |
|
Experimental economics |
| Oliver Smithies |
Scientist |
23-Jun-1925 |
|
Knock-out mice |
| George D. Snell |
Scientist |
19-Dec-1903 |
6-Jun-1996 |
Recognition of HLA antigens |
| Robert M. Solow |
Economist |
23-Aug-1924 |
|
Theory of economic growth |
| Alfred Sommer |
Doctor |
1942 |
|
SPH Dean at Johns Hopkins, 1990-2005 |
| Arnold Sommerfeld |
Physicist |
5-Dec-1868 |
26-Apr-1951 |
Fine-structure constant |
| Hugo F. Sonnenschein |
Economist |
1941 |
|
President, University of Chicago, 1993-2000 |
| Elmer Sperry |
Inventor |
12-Oct-1860 |
10-Jun-1930 |
Gyroscopic compass |
| Roger W. Sperry |
Scientist |
20-Aug-1913 |
17-Apr-1994 |
"Split brain" hemispheric neurophysiology |
| Lyman Spitzer, Jr. |
Astronomer |
26-Jun-1914 |
31-Mar-1997 |
Father of space telescopes |
| Philip Sporn |
Engineer |
25-Nov-1896 |
23-Jan-1978 |
American Electric Power Company |
| Joel Stebbins |
Astronomer |
30-Jul-1878 |
16-Mar-1966 |
Photoelectric photometry |
| William H. Stein |
Chemist |
25-Jun-1911 |
2-Feb-1980 |
Amino-acid analyzer |
| Jack Steinberger |
Physicist |
25-May-1921 |
|
Researcher of neutrinos |
| Ralph M. Steinman |
Biologist |
14-Jan-1943 |
30-Sep-2011 |
Dendritic cells |
| Thomas A. Steitz |
Scientist |
23-Aug-1940 |
|
Ribosomes |
| Otto Stern |
Physicist |
17-Feb-1888 |
17-Aug-1969 |
Molecular beam experiment |
| H. Guyford Stever |
Educator |
24-Oct-1916 |
9-Apr-2010 |
President of CMU, 1965-72 |
| George J. Stigler |
Economist |
17-Jan-1911 |
1-Dec-1991 |
Economic Theory of Regulation |
| Joseph Stiglitz |
Economist |
9-Feb-1943 |
|
Ex-Chief Economist of the World Bank |
| Horst L. Störmer |
Physicist |
6-Apr-1949 |
|
Fractional quantum Hall effect |
| Thomas P. Stossel |
Doctor |
c. 1941 |
|
Professor, Harvard Medical School |
| Louis Wade Sullivan |
Government |
3-Nov-1933 |
|
US Secretary of HHS, 1989-93 |
| Lawrence H. Summers |
Economist |
30-Nov-1954 |
|
US Treasury Secretary, 1999-2001 |
| James B. Sumner |
Chemist |
19-Nov-1887 |
12-Aug-1955 |
Crystallized enzymes |
| Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. |
Scientist |
19-Nov-1915 |
9-Mar-1974 |
Hormones mechanisms (cyclic AMP) |
| Ivan Sutherland |
Engineer |
16-May-1938 |
|
Father of computer graphics |
| The Svedberg |
Chemist |
30-Aug-1884 |
25-Feb-1971 |
Inventor of the ultracentrifuge |
| Timothy Swager |
Chemist |
1-Jul-1961 |
|
Chemist at MIT |
| Ambrose Swasey |
Business |
19-Dec-1846 |
15-Jun-1937 |
Warner and Swasey Company and Observatory |
| Albert Szent-Györgyi |
Scientist |
16-Sep-1893 |
22-Oct-1986 |
Vitamins C and B2 |
| Leo Szilard |
Physicist |
11-Feb-1898 |
30-May-1964 |
Nuclear chain reaction |
| Jack W. Szostak |
Scientist |
9-Nov-1952 |
|
First artificial chromosome |
| Terence Tao |
Mathematician |
17-Jul-1975 |
|
Prolific math prodigy |
| Alfred Tarski |
Mathematician |
14-Jan-1902 |
26-Oct-1983 |
Tarski's indefinability theorem |
| Edward Tatum |
Scientist |
14-Dec-1909 |
7-Nov-1975 |
One gene, one enzyme theory |
| Henry Taube |
Chemist |
30-Nov-1915 |
16-Nov-2005 |
Mechanisms of electron transfer |
| Helen B. Taussig |
Doctor |
24-May-1898 |
20-May-1986 |
Mother of pediatric cardiology |
| Joseph H. Taylor, Jr. |
Astronomer |
24-Mar-1941 |
|
Co-Discovered first binary pulsar |
| Richard E. Taylor |
Physicist |
2-Nov-1929 |
|
Verified existence of quarks |
| Howard M. Temin |
Scientist |
10-Dec-1934 |
9-Feb-1994 |
Tumor viruses and host genetics |
| Frederick Terman |
Scientist |
7-Jun-1900 |
19-Dec-1982 |
Stanford Research Park |
| Lewis Terman |
Psychologist |
15-Jan-1877 |
21-Dec-1956 |
Intelligence tests |
| Norman Thagard |
Astronaut |
3-Jul-1943 |
|
Shuttle astronaut |
| Hugo Theorell |
Scientist |
6-Jul-1903 |
15-Aug-1982 |
Oxidation enzymes |
| E. Donnall Thomas |
Scientist |
15-Mar-1920 |
20-Oct-2012 |
Bone marrow transplants |
| Lewis Thomas |
Doctor |
25-Nov-1913 |
3-Dec-1993 |
The Lives of a Cell |
| Ken Thompson |
Computer Programmer |
4-Feb-1943 |
|
Co-creator of UNIX |
| Lonnie Thompson |
Scientist |
1-Jul-1948 |
|
Paleoclimatologist, glaciologist |
| Elihu Thomson |
Inventor |
29-Mar-1853 |
13-Mar-1937 |
Electric welding and A/C motors |
| Shirley M. Tilghman |
Educator |
17-Sep-1946 |
|
President of Princeton University |
| Stephen Timoshenko |
Engineer |
23-Dec-1878 |
29-May-1972 |
Mechanical engineering professor at Stanford |
| Samuel C. C. Ting |
Physicist |
27-Jan-1936 |
|
Co-Discoverer of J/psi meson |
| Arne Tiselius |
Chemist |
10-Aug-1902 |
29-Aug-1971 |
Electrophoresis |
| Alexander R. Todd |
Chemist |
2-Oct-1907 |
10-Jan-1997 |
Nucleic acid, nucleotides |
| Sin-Itiro Tomonaga |
Physicist |
31-Mar-1906 |
8-Jul-1979 |
Quantum electrodynamics |
| Charles H. Townes |
Physicist |
28-Jul-1915 |
27-Jan-2015 |
Invention of the maser and laser |
| Roger Y. Tsien |
Scientist |
1-Feb-1952 |
|
Green Fluorescent Protein |
| Daniel C. Tsui |
Physicist |
28-Feb-1939 |
|
Fractional quantum Hall effect |
| Merle Tuve |
Physicist |
27-Jun-1901 |
20-May-1982 |
Proximity fuse |
| Amos Tversky |
Psychologist |
16-Mar-1937 |
2-Jun-1996 |
Cognitive psychologist, studied risks |
| Neil deGrasse Tyson |
Astronomer |
5-Oct-1958 |
|
Astrophysicist |
| Harold C. Urey |
Chemist |
29-Apr-1893 |
5-Jan-1981 |
Discovered Deuterium |
| Wylie Vale, Jr. |
Doctor |
3-Jul-1941 |
3-Jan-2012 |
Endocrinologist at Salk Institute |
| James Van Allen |
Astronomer |
7-Sep-1914 |
9-Aug-2006 |
Discovered the Van Allen Belt |
| John H. van Vleck |
Physicist |
13-Mar-1899 |
27-Oct-1980 |
Quantum theory of paramagnetism |
| John R. Vane |
Scientist |
29-Mar-1927 |
19-Nov-2004 |
Prostaglandins |
| Harold E. Varmus |
Scientist |
18-Dec-1939 |
|
Genetic causes of cancer |
| William Vickrey |
Economist |
21-Jun-1914 |
11-Oct-1996 |
Asymmetric information in economics |
| Vincent du Vigneaud |
Chemist |
18-May-1901 |
11-Dec-1978 |
Synthesized vasopressin and oxytocin |
| Andrew J. Viterbi |
Engineer |
9-Mar-1935 |
|
Viterbi Algorithm |
| John von Neumann |
Mathematician |
28-Dec-1903 |
8-Feb-1957 |
Computing pioneer, inventor of Game Theory |
| Johannes Diderik van der Waals |
Physicist |
23-Nov-1837 |
9-Mar-1923 |
Investigated states of matter |
| George Wald |
Biologist |
18-Nov-1906 |
12-Apr-1997 |
Physiology of the retina |
| Margaret Floy Washburn |
Psychologist |
25-Jul-1871 |
29-Oct-1939 |
First female American psychologist |
| James Craig Watson |
Astronomer |
28-Jan-1838 |
23-Nov-1880 |
Claimed to discover the planet Vulcan |
| Alvin M. Weinberg |
Physicist |
20-Apr-1915 |
18-Oct-2006 |
Nuclear scientist |
| Steven Weinberg |
Physicist |
3-May-1933 |
|
Electroweak Theory |
| Victor Weisskopf |
Physicist |
19-Sep-1908 |
21-Apr-2002 |
Head of CERN, 1961-65 |
| William H. Welch |
Scientist |
8-Apr-1850 |
30-Apr-1934 |
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine |
| George M. Whitesides |
Chemist |
3-Aug-1939 |
|
Harvard chemist, highest H-Index |
| Carl E. Wieman |
Physicist |
26-Mar-1951 |
|
Bose-Einstein Condensates |
| Norbert Wiener |
Mathematician |
26-Nov-1894 |
18-Mar-1964 |
Cybernetics |
| Eric F. Wieschaus |
Scientist |
8-Jun-1947 |
|
Embryonic development of fruit flies |
| Torsten N. Wiesel |
Scientist |
3-Jun-1924 |
|
Neurophysiology of vision |
| Jeffrey Wigand |
Scientist |
17-Dec-1942 |
|
Tobacco industry whistleblower |
| Eugene Wigner |
Physicist |
17-Nov-1902 |
1-Jan-1995 |
Law of conservation of parity |
| Frank Wilczek |
Physicist |
15-May-1951 |
|
Deep structure of matter |
| Geoffrey Wilkinson |
Chemist |
14-Jul-1921 |
26-Sep-1996 |
Organometallic "sandwich" compounds |
| R. Sanders Williams |
Educator |
1948 |
|
Dean of Duke's Medical School |
| Oliver E. Williamson |
Economist |
27-Sep-1932 |
|
Transaction cost economics |
| Edward O. Wilson |
Biologist |
10-Jun-1929 |
|
Father of Sociobiology |
| Kenneth G. Wilson |
Physicist |
8-Jun-1936 |
15-Jun-2013 |
Second-order phase transitions |
| Robert Woodrow Wilson |
Astronomer |
10-Jan-1936 |
|
Detected primordial radiation |
| William Julius Wilson |
Sociologist |
20-Dec-1935 |
|
Poverty in America's inner cities |
| Edward Witten |
Physicist |
26-Aug-1951 |
|
String theorist at Princeton |
| Robert B. Woodward |
Chemist |
10-Apr-1917 |
8-Jul-1979 |
Synthesized cholesterol, Vitamin B12, etc. |
| Kurt Wüthrich |
Chemist |
4-Oct-1938 |
|
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
| Joe B. Wyatt |
Educator |
c. 1935 |
|
Chancellor of Vanderbilt University, 1982-2000 |
| Rosalyn Sussman Yalow |
Physicist |
19-Jul-1921 |
30-May-2011 |
Developed radioimmunoassay technique |
| Janet L. Yellen |
Economist |
13-Aug-1946 |
|
Federal Reserve Chair |
| Ada E. Yonath |
Scientist |
22-Jun-1939 |
|
Cryocrystallography |
| Hideki Yukawa |
Physicist |
23-Jan-1907 |
8-Sep-1981 |
Predicted existence of mesons |
| Ahmed H. Zewail |
Chemist |
26-Feb-1946 |
|
Femtochemistry |
| Hans Zinsser |
Scientist |
17-Nov-1878 |
4-Sep-1940 |
Typhus vaccine |