Chigaŵa cha Luapula

 

Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1800, mu dambo ili mukaŵa Ufumu wa Lunda wa Mwata Kazembe. Malire gha chigaŵa ichi pakati pa Zambia na DR Congo ghakaŵa ghakususkana kwa vyaka vinandi, kwambira mu 1894 m'paka m'ma 1960. Chigaŵa ichi chili na mbiri yitali yakususkana na boma la ŵakoloni. Kwambira mu 1950, pakaŵa magulu gha ŵanthu ŵakugaluka agho ghakawovwiranga African National Congress. Pambuyo pa ufulu, chigawochi chinali maziko a zigawenga za United National Independence Party (UNIP). Ku Laupula, ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakufuma ku charu cha DR Congo kweniso ku chigaŵa cha Copperbelt. Mu vyaka vya m'ma 1980, pulezidenti Kenneth Kaunda wakasora ŵalongozgi ŵa chigaŵa ichi kuŵa ŵalongozgi ŵa chigaŵa panji ŵa mu komiti yikuru ya UNIP. Ndondomeko iyi yikaŵa yakuyana waka na umo ŵanthu ŵakakhalira mu vigaŵa vinyake apo ŵalongozgi ŵa mu vigaŵa ivi ŵakasankhikanga kuŵa ŵalongozgi. Mwata Kazambe wakasankhika kuŵa kazembe wa chigaŵa cha chigaŵa ichi na pulezidenti mu ma 1980.^[2]

Frederick Chiluba, mulongozgi wa Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD), uyo wakazgoka purezidenti wa Zambia mu 1991, wakapokera mazaza ghanandi mu nyengo ya mavoti gha 1991. Mu chigaŵa ichi ndimo mukaŵa njara iyo yikachitika mu 1991. Vyaru vikasuzgika comene mu cigaŵa ici cifukwa ca kulekeska wovwiri wa vyakurya na ndondomeko za ngongoli za ku mizi mu vyaka vya m'ma 1990.

Chigaŵa ichi chili na mphaka na Mlonga wa Luapula, Nyanja ya Mweru na kumpoto kwa DR Congo. Chigaŵa cha Congo Pedicle chili pakati pa chigaŵa ichi na chigaŵa cha Copperbelt, icho chili pakati pa mafakitale na malonda. Vinthu vikaŵa makora chifukwa cha kuzenga Luapula Bridge na msewu wa Samfya-Serenje. Msumba ukuru wa chigaŵa ichi ni Mansa, ndipo ndiwo uli likuru la chigaŵa cha Mansa..^[3]

Chigaŵa ichi chili kufupi na DR Congo ndipo chili kumpoto na kumafumiro gha dazi kwa mlonga kufuma ku nyanja ya Bangweulu m'paka ku nyanja ya Mweru.^[4] Congo Pedicle, chigaŵa icho chili kumwera kwa chigaŵa cha Katanga mu charu cha DR Congo, icho chikunjira mu charu cha Zambia, chikuchipatura mu vigaŵa viŵiri. Chigaŵa ichi chili na mphaka na Northern Province kumafumiro gha dazi na Central Province kumafumiro gha dazi. Matawuni ghakuru mu chigaŵa ichi ni Samfya, Mansa, Nchelege na Mwamsombwe. Pafupifupi vigaŵa 40 pa 100 vya Luapula vili na maji ndipo pali milonga na nyanja zinandi. Mu tawuni iyi muli vinthu 8 ivyo vikukondweska. Vinthu vikuru ivyo vikusangika mu chigaŵa ichi ni manganese, lime, mkuwa, na visulo vyakuzirwa.^[5]

Kuyana na kalembera wa 2010 wa Zambia, chigaŵa cha Luapula chikaŵa na ŵanthu 991,927 ndipo ichi chikaŵa 7.57 peresenti ya ŵanthu wose ŵa mu Zambia 13,092,666. Pakaŵa ŵanalume 488,589 na ŵanakazi 503,338, ntheura pa ŵanalume 1,000, ŵanalume 1,030 ndiwo ŵakaŵa ŵanakazi. Ŵanthu awo ŵakumanya kuŵazga na kulemba ŵakaŵa 62.60 peresenti. Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu vikaya ŵakaŵa 80.39% ndipo awo ŵakakhalanga mu misumba ŵakaŵa 19.61%. Chigaŵa chose cha chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa 50,567 km2 (19,524 sq mi) ndipo unandi wa ŵanthu ukaŵa 19.60 pa km2. Ŵanthu ŵanandi mu Zambia ŵakaŵa 19.60 pa chaka cha 2000.^[10]

Chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu mu chigaŵa ichi chikakwera na 2.50 peresenti. Ŵanandi ŵakutorana mu chigaŵa ichi ŵakaŵa na vyaka 20.3. Ŵanakazi ndiwo ŵakalongozganga mbumba, ndipo ŵanalume ndiwo ŵakalongozganga. Chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakazomerezgeka kuvota mu chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa 65.40 peresenti. Cikaŵa ca 7.70 peresenti. Chiŵelengero cha ŵana awo ŵakababikanga chikaŵa 7.3, chiŵelengero cha ŵana wose awo ŵakababikanga chikaŵa 6.5, chiŵelengero cha ŵana wose awo ŵakababikanga chikaŵa 39.0, chiŵelengero cha ŵanakazi awo ŵakababikanga chikaŵa 835, chiŵelengero cha ŵana wose awo ŵakababikanga chikaŵa 172, chiŵelengero cha ŵana wose awo ŵakababikanga chikaŵa 2.7 ndipo chiŵelengero cha ŵana wose awo ŵakababikanga chikaŵa 1.8. Ŵanthu wose awo ŵakagwiranga nchito ŵakaŵa 58.60 peresenti. Pa ŵanthu wose awo ŵakugwira nchito, ŵanalume ŵakaŵa 66.2% ndipo ŵanakazi 51.7%. Kukura kwa ŵantchito pa chaka kukaŵa 1.9 peresenti.

Chiyowoyero cha Bemba ndicho ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakayowoyanga. Ŵanthu awo ŵali na suzgo ili ŵalije khungu, sisi, panji maso. Ŵanthu wose awo ŵakaŵa na nthenda iyi ŵakaŵa 2,278. Ŵanthu awo ŵakababikanga na umoyo utali ŵakaŵa na vyaka 45, kweni ku caru cose ŵanthu 51 ndiwo ŵakakhaliranga na umoyo. Chigaŵa cha Luapula ntchimoza mwa vigaŵa vikavu chomene mu Zambia. Mu 2010, ŵanthu 80.5% ŵakaŵa ŵakavu ndipo 64.9% ŵakaŵa ŵakavu chomene. Mu vigaŵa vyose, Luapula ndiyo yikaŵa na chiŵelengero chikuru chomene cha ŵana awo ŵakufwa pa nyengo ya nthumbo (infant mortality rate) cha 7.3, kweniso chiŵelengero chikuru chomene cha ŵana awo ŵakufwa pa nyengo ya nthumbo (infant mortality rate) cha 100 pa ŵanthu 1,000 awo ŵakubabika.^[11]

Kuyana na lipoti la kafukufuku wa vyalo vya mu 2014 ilo likalembeka na Central Statistical Office of Zambia, nchito yikuru iyo yikacitikanga mu cigaŵa ici yikaŵa somba. Msewu wa Samfya-Mansa-Mwansabombwe-Nchelenge, uwo ukumanyikwa kuti Zambia Way, ndiwo ni nthowa yikuru ya chigaŵa ichi. Nangauli chigaŵa ichi chili na vinthu vinandi, kweni ntcha ku mizi. Mu 2004, ŵanthu 79 pa 100 ŵaliwose ŵakaŵa ŵakavu. Chigaŵa chose cha vyakurya ivyo vyaseŵeka mu chaka cha 2014 mu chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa mahekitala 57,966.31 (143,237.9 acres) icho chikaŵa 3.06 peresenti ya chigaŵa chose icho chikaseŵeka mu Zambia. Vyakumera ivi vikapangika matani 150,029, ndipo vikaŵa 3.68 peresenti ya vyakurya vyose ivyo vikapangika mu caru ici. Mbuto ya mbatata ndiyo yikaŵa yikuru comene mu cigaŵa ici, yikaŵa na matani 11,356, panji kuti 7.56 peresenti ya vyakurya vyose vya mu caru.

Mu 2004, chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa na masukulu gha pulayimale 527, na masukulu gha sekondare 20. Ŵana ŵa vyaka vyapakati pa 7 na 15 awo ŵakaleka sukulu ŵakaŵa 527. Kuyana na lipoti la wupu wa International Monetary Fund (IMF) lakuyowoya vya kuchepeska ukavu mu Zambia ilo likalembeka mu 2007, mu 2000 mu Zambia mukaŵa masukulu gha boma ghakujumpha 360, masukulu gha sekondare 18, koleji yimoza yakusambizgira ŵasambizgi, na koleji yimoza yakusambizgira ŵanthu vya malonda. Ntchito ku chigaŵa ichi zikalutilira kuchepa, kufuma pa 14.3 peresenti mu 1990 kufika pa 8.1 peresenti mu 2000. Ŵachinyamata ŵakagwiranga nchito yayi ndipo ŵakagwiranga nchito yayi. Mu 2005, chigaŵa ichi chikaŵa na ŵadokotala 30. Mu 2005, pa ŵanthu 1,000 mu chigaŵa ichi, 407 ŵakafwa na maleriya, ndipo 5,209 ŵakafwa na AIDS. Chigaŵa ichi chili na misewu ya makilomita 700 kufuma mu 2007. Makilomita 2,000 (1,200 mi) gha misewu yambura kujintha ghakukolerana na vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana vya msumba uwu.^[14]

Boma la chigaŵa likupangika kuti lilongozgenge waka vinthu. Chigaŵa ichi chikulongozgeka na nduna iyo yikusoleka na pulezidenti. Mulara wa boma wa chigaŵa ichi ni Secretary Permanent, uyo wakuchemeka na pulezidenti. Pali movwiri wa Secretary Permanent, ŵalongozgi ŵa maofesi gha boma na ŵateŵeti ŵa boma pa chigaŵa. Chigawo cha Luapula chili ndi zigawo khumi ndi chimodzi: Chigawo cha Chembe, Chigawo cha Chiengi, Chigawo cha Chifunabuli, Chigawo cha Chipili, Chigawo cha Kawambwa, Chigawo cha Lunga, Chigawo cha Mansa, Chigawo cha Milenge, Chigawo cha Mwansabombwe, Chigawo cha Mwense, Chigawo cha Nchelenge ndi Chigawo cha Samfya. Maofesi ghose gha chigaŵa ghakuyana waka na mazina gha vigaŵa. Mu chigaŵa ichi muli makonsili 11, ndipo waliyose wakuŵa na mwimiliri wake. Wose ŵakuteŵetera vyaka vitatu.

Ŵalaraŵalara ŵa boma ŵakusankhika kufuma mukati panji kuwaro kwa chigaŵa. Ofesi ya boma la chigaŵa yili mu malo ghose gha chigaŵa ndipo muli ŵalara ŵa boma la chigaŵa na awo ŵakuwona vya ndalama. Wupu uliwose ukupeleka ndalama zakwendeskera vinthu vya mu cigaŵa, ndipo bajeti yawo yikuwunika na kupelekeka caka cilicose pamanyuma pa bajeti ya cilimika. Ŵabali awo ŵakusankhika na boma ŵakulipira malipiro yayi, kweni boma likuŵapa ndalama. Luapula ni cigaŵa ico ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakukhala mu vyaru vyamuthondo ndipo kulije matawuni panji maboma. Boma likupeleka milimo yakupambanapambana 63 ku makonsili, ndipo yinandi mwa milimo iyi njakuti ghakwendeskera vinthu vyapasi na boma. Mipingo yikwenera kupwelelera malo gha ŵanthu wose, malo ghakusungirako vinyama, malo ghakusungirako vyakurya, malo ghakusungiramo maji, malo ghakuseŵelerako, malaro, malo ghakusungiramo vinthu, malaibulale, nyumba zakuwoneskeramo vinthu, na malo ghakusungiramo vinthu vya maluso. Kweniso ŵakukolerana na maofesi gha boma kuti ŵawovwirepo pa vyakurya, kuvikilira vinthu vyakuthupi, kutumizga makalata, kupanga na kupwelelera vipatala, masukulu, na makoleji. Makonsili ghakunozga ndondomeko izo zikovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵa vigaŵa vyose ŵaŵepo.^[16]

 

Lumangwe Falls ili mu chigaŵa cha Mporokoso, Ntumbacushi Falls mu chigaŵa cha Kawambwa, Kabwelume Waterfalls pa Kalungwishi River, Mumbuluma Falls mu Mansa, Mumbotuta Waterfalls mu malo agho mukusangika milonga ya Mumbotuta na Luapula River, Kundabwika Waterfalls, Chilongo Waterfalls ili pa mtunda wa makilomita 85 (53 mi) kufuma ku Kawambwa boma. Malo ghanyake ghakukondwelera vyakurya mu chigaŵa ichi ni Samfya Beach mu nyanja ya Bangweulu, nyanja ya Mweru mu chigaŵa cha Chienge, na Nchelemge Beach mu nyanja ya Mweru. Malo ghakuchemeka Lusenga Plain National Park na Bangweulu Wetlands ni malo agho kuli vyamoyo vinandi mu chigaŵa ichi. Nyanja ya Mweru, Luapula River, Lake Bangweulu na malo ghake ghakututuŵa ghali na viyuni, nyama za mu maji, na somba.^[17]

Phwando la Mutukumbo ndilo phwando lalikulu lomwe limakondwerera m'chigawo cha Luapala Valley. Chaka chilichose mu mwezi wa Julayi, ŵanthu pafupifupi 20,000 ŵakwiza ku ungano uwu. Cinthu ici cikulongosora za kusama kwa ŵanthu ŵa ku Luba Lunda na kuwukira kwa ŵalongozgi ŵa fuko ili. Chiphikiro cha Kwanga chikuchitika mu Okutobala na fuko la Njumba ku Samfya. Ŵakuwona kuti ni nyengo yakuti ŵanthu ŵa mu fuko ili ŵawunganenge pamoza kuti ŵasungilire mitheto yawo. Vikondwelero vinyake ivyo vikuchitika mu chigaŵa ichi ni Malaila Ceremony, chiphikiro cha nyifwa ya nkhalamu yiheni, Musubilwa Mpemba Ceremony, na Ubwilile traditional ceremony.^[18]

1. ↑ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org (in English). Retrieved 2018-09-13.
2. ↑ Gould 2002, p. 321
3. ↑ Mwakikagile 2010, p. 68
4. ↑ Griffiths, Ieuan (July 1986). "The Scramble for Africa: Inherited Political Boundaries". The Geographical Journal. 152 (2): 204–216. doi:10.2307/634762. JSTOR 634762.
5. ↑ International Monetary Fund 2007, p. 335
6. ↑ "Weather statistics for Luapula (Zambia)". Norway: Norwegian Meteorological Institute and Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. 2007. Archived from the original on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
7. ↑ Census of population and housing, 1969 (PDF) (Report). Lusaka: Central Statistical Office, Republic of Zambia. 1970. pp. A6–7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-10-26.
8. ↑ Summary report for the 2000 Census of population (Report). Lusaka: Central Statistical Office, Republic of Zambia. 2003. p. 6. Archived from the original on 2016-10-14.
9. ↑ Longola ivyo vyabudika: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named c7
10. ↑ Census 2012, p. 17
11. ↑ Census 2012, p. 49
12. ↑ "AIDS and HIV statistics of Laupula Province". Central Statistical Office of Zambia. 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
13. ↑ "AIDS and HIV statistics". Central Statistical Office of Zambia. 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
14. ↑ International Monetary Fund 2007, p. 336
15. ↑ "Labour force survey". Central Statistical Office of Zambia. 2008. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
16. ↑ The local government system in Zambia (PDF) (Report). Common Wealth Local Government Forum. pp. 218–220. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
17. ↑ "National parks in Luapala province". Zambia Tourism Board. 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
18. ↑ "Ceremonies in Luapala province". Zambia Tourism Board. 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2016.

11°00′S 29°00′E / 11.000°S 29.000°E / -11.000; 29.000