Stigand
| Stigand | |
|---|---|
| Canterbury Başpiskoposu | |
 Bayeux İşlemesi'nde Stigand | |
| Atanma | 1052 |
| Dönem bitişi | 11 Nisan 1070 |
| Önce gelen | Jumiègesli Robert |
| Sonra gelen | Lanfranc |
| Diğer görevler | Elmham Piskoposu Winchester Piskoposu |
| Takdis | 1043 |
| Doğum adı | Stigand |
| Ölüm | 1072, tahminen 21 veya 22 Şubat |
| Mezarı | Old Minster, Winchester |
Stigand[a] (ö. 1072), Norman Fethi öncesinde İngiltere'de Canterbury Başpiskoposu olan Anglo-Sakson bir din adamıydı. Doğum tarihi bilinmemekle beraber 1020 yılına gelindiğinde kraliyet papazı ve danışmanı olarak görev yapıyordu. 1043'te Elmham Piskoposu seçildi ve daha sonra Winchester Piskoposu ve Canterbury Başpiskoposu oldu. Stigand, birkaç Anglo-Sakson ve Norman kraliyet hanedanı üyesi olan İngiltere hükümdarının danışmanıydı ve birbiri ardına altı krala hizmet etti. Winchester ve Canterbury'nin piskoposluğunu aynı anda elinde tutma konusundaki çoğulculuğu, kısaca aynı anda iki makamı birden elinde tutması nedeniyle birkaç papa tarafından aforoz edildi. En nihayetinde 1070 yılında tahttan indirildi ve mülklerine ve kişisel servetine Fatih William tarafından el konuldu. Stigand, Winchester'da hapsedildi ve burada öldü.
Notlar
[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]Kaynakça
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Genel
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- Barlow, Frank (1988). The Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (Fourth bas.). New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-49504-0.
- Barlow, Frank (2003). The Godwins: The Rise and Fall of a Noble Dynasty. Londra: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-78440-9.
- Bates, David (2001). William the Conqueror. Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-1980-3.
- Blair, Peter Hunter (2003). An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England (Third bas.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-53777-0.
- Blumenthal, Uta-Renate (1988). The Investiture Controversy: Church and Monarchy from the Ninth to the Twelfth Century. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1386-6.
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- Coredon, Christopher (2007). A Dictionary of Medieval Terms & Phrases (Reprint bas.). Woodbridge, UK: D. S. Brewer. ISBN 978-1-84384-138-8.
- Cowdrey, H. E. J. (2004). "Stigand (d. 1072)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26523. Birleşik Krallık Halk Kütüphanesi abonelik veya üyeliği gereklidir
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- Garnett, George (1986). "Coronation and Propaganda: Some Implications of the Norman Claim to the Throne of England in 1066". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. Fifth Series. 36: 91-116. doi:10.2307/3679061. JSTOR 3679061.
- Greenway, Diana E. (1971). "Canterbury: Archbishops". Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300. 2: Monastic Cathedrals (Northern and Southern Provinces). Institute for Historical Research. 9 Ağustos 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 23 Haziran 2008.
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- Mason, Emma (2004). House of Godwine: The History of Dynasty. Londra: Hambledon & London. ISBN 1-85285-389-1.
- Owen-Crocker, Gale R. (2012). "Image Making: Portraits of Anglo-Saxon Church Leaders". Rumble, Alexander R. (Ed.). Leaders of the Anglo-Saxon Church: From Bede to Stigand. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. ss. 109-127. ISBN 978-1-84383-700-8.
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- Rumble, Alexander R. (2012). "From Winchester to Canterbury: Ælheah and Stigand – Bishops, Archbishops and Victims". Rumble, Alexander R. (Ed.). Leaders of the Anglo-Saxon Church: From Bede to Stigand. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell. ss. 165-182. ISBN 978-1-84383-700-8.
- Smith, Mary Frances (1993). "Archbishop Stigand and the Eye of the Needle". Anglo-Norman Studies Volume 16. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell. ss. 199-219. ISBN 0-85115-366-6.
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- Stenton, F. M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England (Third bas.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280139-5.
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- Walker, Ian (2000). Harold the Last Anglo-Saxon King. Gloucestershire, UK: Wrens Park. ISBN 0-905778-46-4.
- Williams, Ann (2000). The English and the Norman Conquest. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell. ISBN 0-85115-708-4.
Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]- Barlow, Frank (October 1958). "Two Notes: Cnut's Second Pilgrimage and Queen Emma's Disgrace in 1043". The English Historical Review. 73 (289): 649-656. doi:10.1093/ehr/LXXIII.289.649. JSTOR 557268.
- John, Eric (April 1979). "Edward the Confessor and the Norman Succession". The English Historical Review. 96 (371): 241-267. doi:10.1093/ehr/XCIV.CCCLXXI.241. JSTOR 566846.