Wages, Minimum Wages, and Price Pass-through: The Case of McDonald's Restaurants

Orley Ashenfelter and Stepan Jurajda

No 14124, IZA Discussion Papers from Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)

Abstract: We use price and wage data from McDonald's restaurants to provide evidence on wage increases, labor-saving technology introduction, and price pass-through by a large low-wage employer facing a flurry of minimum wage hikes from 2016-2020. We estimate an elasticity of hourly wage rates with respect to minimum wages of 0.7. In 40% of instances where minimum wages increase, McDonald's restaurants' wages are near the effective minimum wage level both before and after its increase; however, we also uncover a tendency among a large subset of restaurants to preserve their pay 'premium' above the minimum wage level. We find no association between the adoption of labor-saving touch screen ordering technology and minimum wage hikes. Our data imply that McDonald's restaurants pass through the higher costs of minimum wage increases in the form of higher prices of the Big Mac sandwich. We find a 0.2 price elasticity with respect to wage increases, which implies an elasticity of prices with respect to minimum wages of about 0.14. Based on a listing of all US McDonald's restaurants from 2010 to 2020, we also find no effects of minimum wages on McDonald's restaurant entry and exit.

Keywords: minimum wages; price pass-through; fast food (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J23 J30 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 32 pages
Date: 2021-02
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-lma
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

Published - published in: Journal of Labor Economics (special issue in honor of Alan Krueger), 2022, 40 (S1), S179 - S201

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Related works:
Working Paper: Wages, Minimum Wages, and Price Pass-Through: The Case of McDonald's Restaurants (2021)
Working Paper: Wages, Minimum Wages, and Price Pass-Through: The Case of McDonald’s Restaurants (2021)
Working Paper: Wages, Minimum Wages, and Price Pass-Through: The Case of McDonald's Restaurants (2021)
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