Reciprocal Versus Unilateral Trade Liberalization: Comparing individual characteristics of supporters

Eiichi Tomiura, Banri Ito, Hiroshi Mukunoki and Ryuhei Wakasugi ()

Discussion papers from Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI)

Abstract: Reciprocity has been an influential principle leading actual trade liberalization, while unilateral trade liberalization has been politically unpopular in spite of gains from trade. Based on a survey of 10,816 individuals in Japan, we disaggregate people into four categories by their opinions on import liberalization and reciprocity. People working in the import-competing protected sector (agriculture in the Japanese case) tend to demand not only protection but also reciprocity in trade liberalization. Unilateral free traders are found among people working in non-agriculture sectors, in managerial occupations, or who are above the retirement age. We also confirm the effect of education on protectionism.

Pages: 29 pages
Date: 2014-11
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-int
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eti:dpaper:14067

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